Items where Author is "James, Toby"

Article

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Clark, Alistair (2026) The value of poll worker voice in the delivery of elections. Policy & Politics, 54 (2). pp. 276-297. ISSN 0305-5736

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Underwood, Jamie (2025) The new mass unenfranchised? Mapping unenfranchised adults and the case for residence-based voting in the UK. The Political Quarterly, 96 (4). pp. 684-692. ISSN 0032-3179

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Garnett, Holly Ann (2025) Electoral integrity resilience: Protecting elections during global risks, crises, and emergencies. Democratization. ISSN 1351-0347

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2025) Democracy, public administration, and democratic backsliding. Policy Studies. ISSN 0144-2872

Higashijima, Masaaki, Loeber, Leontine, Garnett, Holly Ann and James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2025) Challenges of electoral integrity in an era of overlapping crises. Election Law Journal, 24 (2). pp. 99-107.

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2024) Real democracy: A critical realist approach to democracy and democratic theory. New Political Science, 46 (3). pp. 228-258. ISSN 0739-3148

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Garnett, Holly (2024) The voter experience around the world: A human reflexivity approach. Representation, 60 (2). pp. 231-252. ISSN 0034-4893

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Garnett, Holly Ann (2024) The determinants of electoral registration quality: A cross-national analysis. Representation, 60 (2). pp. 279-302. ISSN 0034-4893

Luís, Carla, James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Garnett, Holly Ann (2024) The voter experience around the world: Lessons for theory and practice. Representation, 60 (2). pp. 367-372. ISSN 0034-4893

Bocquillon, Pierre ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7384-4384, Doyle, Suzanne ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4803-4782, James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461, Mason, Ra ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4950-9516, Park, Soul ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6692-9080 and Rosina, Matilde (2024) The effects of wars: Lessons from the war in Ukraine. Policy Studies, 45 (3-4). pp. 261-281. ISSN 0144-2872

Garnett, Holly Ann and James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2023) Electoral backsliding? Democratic divergence and trajectories in the quality of elections worldwide. Electoral Studies, 86. ISSN 0261-3794

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Garnett, Holly Ann (2023) Are polarised elections the hardest to deliver? Explaining global variations in electoral management body performance. South African Journal of International Affairs-SAJIA, 30 (3). pp. 395-413. ISSN 1022-0461

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461, Garnett, Holly Ann, Asplund, Erik and Campion, Sonali ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7050-5782 (2023) Election staff training: Tracing global patterns of institutionalisation. South African Journal of International Affairs-SAJIA, 30 (3). pp. 415-435. ISSN 1938-0275

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461, Matlosa, Khabele and Shale, Victor (2023) Safeguarding election management bodies in the age of democratic recession. South African Journal of International Affairs-SAJIA, 30 (3). pp. 323-336. ISSN 1022-0461

Clark, Alistair and James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2023) Electoral administration and the problem of poll worker recruitment: Who volunteers, and why? Public Policy and Administration, 38 (2). pp. 188-208. ISSN 0952-0767

Liu, Wei, James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Man, Caixia (2022) Governance and public administration in China. Policy Studies, 43 (3). pp. 387-402. ISSN 0144-2872

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2021) Informational democracy promotion? Electronic grey literature and democratization. Taiwan Journal of Democracy, 17 (2). pp. 1-26.

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2021) The effects of Donald Trump. Policy Studies, 42 (5-6). pp. 755-769. ISSN 0144-2872

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2021) Assessing the policy effects of political leaders: A layered framework. Policy Studies, 42 (5-6). pp. 437-454. ISSN 0144-2872

Garnett, Holly Ann and James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2021) Measuring electoral integrity: Using practitioner knowledge to assess elections. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 31 (3). pp. 348-367. ISSN 1745-7289

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Clark, Alistair (2021) Delivering electoral integrity under pressure: Local government, electoral administration, and the 2016 Brexit referendum. Local Government Studies, 47 (2). pp. 186-207. ISSN 0300-3930

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2021) Editorial: managing health and social care after covid: what works and who decides? Policy Studies, 42 (3). pp. 229-231. ISSN 0144-2872

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2021) Policy studies during an age of uncertainty. Policy Studies, 42 (1). pp. 1-5. ISSN 0144-2872

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2021) New development: Running elections during a pandemic. Public Money & Management, 41 (1). pp. 65-68. ISSN 0954-0962

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Alihodzic, Sead (2020) When is it democratic to postpone an election? Elections during natural disasters, COVID-19 and emergency situations. Election Law Journal, 19 (3). pp. 344-362.

Garnett, Holly Ann and James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2020) Cyber elections in the digital age: Threats and opportunities of technology for electoral integrity. Election Law Journal, 19 (2). pp. 111-126.

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Clark, Alistair (2020) Electoral integrity, voter fraud and voter ID in polling stations: Lessons from English local elections. Policy Studies, 41 (2-3). pp. 190-209. ISSN 0144-2872

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Garnett, Holly Ann (2020) Introduction: the case for inclusive voting practices. Policy Studies, 41 (2-3). pp. 113-130. ISSN 0144-2872

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Garnett, Holly Ann (2020) Inclusive voting practices: lessons for theory, praxis, and the future research agenda. Policy Studies, 41 (2-3). pp. 288-294. ISSN 0144-2872

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2019) Better workers, better elections? Electoral management body workforces and electoral integrity worldwide. International Political Science Review, 40 (3). pp. 370-390. ISSN 0192-5121

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461, Garnett, Holly Ann, Loeber, Leontine and van Ham, Carolien (2019) Electoral management and the organisational determinants of electoral integrity. International Political Science Review, 40 (3). pp. 295-312. ISSN 1460-373X

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2018) The higher education impact agenda, scientific realism and policy change: the case of electoral integrity in Britain. British Politics, 13 (3). 312–331. ISSN 1746-918X

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2018) Political leadership as statecraft? Aligning theory with praxis in conversation with British party leaders. British Journal of Politics & International Relations, 20 (3). pp. 555-572. ISSN 1369-1481

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Jervier, Tyrone (2017) The cost of elections: the effects of public sector austerity on electoral integrity and voter engagement. Public Money & Management, 37 (7). pp. 461-468. ISSN 0954-0962

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2017) The effects of centralising electoral management board design. Policy Studies, 38 (2). pp. 130-148. ISSN 0144-2872

James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2016) Neo-statecraft theory, historical institutionalism and institutional change. Government and Opposition, 51 (01). pp. 84-110. ISSN 1477-7053

James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Buller, Jim (2015) Assessing political leadership in context – British party leadership during austerity. Parliamentary Affairs, 68 (1). pp. 1-3. ISSN 0031-2290

Buller, Jim and James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2015) Integrating structural context into the assessment of political leadership: Realism, Gordon Brown and the great financial crisis. Parliamentary Affairs, 68 (1). pp. 77-96. ISSN 0031-2290

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2014) The spill-over and displacement effects of implementing election administration reforms: Introducing individual electoral registration in Britain. Parliamentary Affairs, 67 (2). pp. 281-305. ISSN 1460-2482

James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2013) Fixing U.K. Failures of Electoral Management. Electoral Studies, 32 (4). pp. 597-608.

James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Buller, Jim (2012) Statecraft and the assessment of national political leaders: The case of New Labour and Tony Blair. British Journal of Politics & International Relations, 14 (4). pp. 534-555. ISSN 1369-1481

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2011) Only in America? Executive partisan interest and the politics of election administration in Ireland, the UK and USA. Contemporary Politics, 17 (3). pp. 219-240. ISSN 1356-9775

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2011) Fewer "costs", more votes? U.K. Innovations in Electoral Administration 2000-2007 and their effect on voter turnout. Election Law Journal, 10 (1). pp. 37-52.

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2010) Electoral modernisation or elite statecraft: Electoral administration in the UK 1997-2007. British Politics, 5 (2). pp. 179-201. ISSN 1746-918X

James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2010) Electoral administration and voter turnout: Towards an international public policy continuum. Representation, 46 (4). pp. 369-389. ISSN 0034-4893

James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2010) Researching Electoral Administration in America: Insights from the post-Florida era. Political Studies Review, 8 (3). pp. 357-367.

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2009) What ever happened to Régulation Theory? The Régulation Approach and local government revisited. Policy Studies, 30 (2). pp. 181-201. ISSN 0144-2872

Book Section

Garnett, Holly Ann and James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2025) Electoral Management. In: Oxford Handbook of Electoral Integrity. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780197777497

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Garnett, Holly Ann (2025) Introduction: Defining Electoral Integrity. In: Oxford Handbook of Electoral Integrity. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780197777497

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Matlosa, Khabele (2025) Electoral Governance. In: Oxford Handbook of Electoral Integrity. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780197777497

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Garnett, Holly Ann (2022) Electoral Management. In: Routledge Handbook of Election Law. Routledge, London. ISBN 9781138393363

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2018) Are UK elections conducted with integrity, with sufficient turnout? In: Democratic Audit of the UK 2018. Democratic Audit UK.

Clark, Alistair and James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2017) Poll Workers. In: Election Watchdogs. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190677817

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2017) Audit 2017: How strong is the democratic integrity of UK elections? Are turnout, candidacies and participation maximised? In: Democratic Audit 2017. Democratic Audit UK.

James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2015) Using Performance Benchmark Standards to improve Electoral Management. In: ACE Case Studies. International IDEA.

Blair, Tony, James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Clarke, Charles (2015) Tony Blair on leadership, New Labour and statecraft theory. In: British Labour Leaders. Biteback, London. ISBN 9781849548168

James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2015) Introduction: The British Labour Party in Search of the Complete Leader. In: British Labour Leaders. Biteback. ISBN 9781849548168

James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Buller, Jim (2015) Statecraft: a framework for evaluating Labour Leaders. In: British Labour Leaders. Biteback, London. ISBN 9781849548168

James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Buller, Jim (2015) Statecraft: a framework for assessing Conservative leaders. In: British Conservative Leaders. Biteback.

Kinnock, Neil, James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Clarke, Charles (2015) Neil Kinnock on leadership, the Labour Party and statecraft theory. In: British Labour Leaders. Biteback. ISBN 9781849548168

James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2014) Electoral Management in Britain. In: Advancing Electoral Integrity. Oxford University Press, New York.

James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2014) The United Kingdom: Electoral Governance in Transition? In: Electoral Management. International IDEA, Stockholm.

James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2013) Benchmarking Standards of UK Elections. In: Benchmarking for Improvement. Solace (Society of Local Authority Chief Executives) Foundation Imprint, London.

James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2013) United Kingdom: Electoral Governance in Transition? In: Electoral Management Design Handbook. International IDEA, Stockholm.

Conference or Workshop Item

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2017) Building Better Elections: the Role of Human Resource Management Practices. In: ECPR General Conference 2017, 2017-09-06 - 2017-09-09, Universitetet i Oslo.

James, Tobias ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Clark, Alistair (2016) Why volunteer? The motivations of polling station workers on election day. In: Political Studies Association Annual Conference, 2014-04-14 - 2014-04-16.

James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2015) Assessing the independence of electoral management boards: A policy network approach. In: American Political Science Association Annual Meeting, 2015-09-03 - 2015-09-06.

James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Clark, Alistair (2015) The Unsung Heroes of Electoral Democracy: Poll Workers and Electoral Integrity in Britain. In: American Political Science Association Annual Meeting, 2015-09-03 - 2015-09-06.

Book

Garnett, Holly Ann, James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461, Broughton Micova, Sally ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2115-0345, Caal-Lam, Sofia, Kose, Arife ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9449-0280 and Underwood, Jamie (2026) Electoral Disinformation: Policymakers, Practitioners and Platforms. Bristol University Press.

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Garnett, Holly Ann (2026) What is Electoral Integrity? Conceptualising Election Quality in an Age of Complexity. Cambridge University Press.

Garnett, Holly Ann and James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2025) Oxford Handbook of Electoral Integrity. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780197777497

Garnett, Holly Ann, James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Caal-Lam, Sofia (2025) Electoral Integrity Global Report 2025. Electoral Integrity Project.

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461, Bernal, Paul and Berry, Ellen (2025) Improving Voter Registration: A Guide to Introducing Automatic Voter Registration. UNSPECIFIED.

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Underwood, Jamie (2025) What if Everyone Could Vote? Mapping Unenfranchised Residents Across the UK. Migrant Democracy Project.

Bocquillon, Pierre ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7384-4384, Doyle, Suzanne ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4803-4782, James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461, Mason, Ra ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4950-9516, Park, Soul ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6692-9080 and Rosini, Matilde (2024) The Effects of Wars:Lessons from the War in Ukraine. Routledge.

Garnett, Holly Ann, James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Caal-Lam, Sofia (2024) Electoral Integrity Global Report 2024. Electoral Integrity Project.

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2024) Financing Electoral Management Body and Electoral Activity Costs in the United Kingdom. International IDEA. ISBN 978-91-7671-761-5

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2023) Register Every Voter: How Automatic Voter Registration can bring the forgotten millions back into our democracy. Unlock Democracy.

Garnett, Holly Ann, James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461, MacGregor, Madison and Caal-Lam, Sofia (2023) Electoral Integrity Global Report 2023. Electoral Integrity Project.

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2023) UK Democracy Under Strain: Democratic Backsliding And Strengthening 2019 - 2023. Unlock Democracy.

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Bernal, Paul (2023) The UK’s Electoral Data Democratic Deficit:A vision for digital modernisation. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

Garnett, Holly Ann, James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and MacGregor, Madison (2022) Electoral Integrity Global Report 2019-2021. Electoral Integrity Project.

Clark, Alistair and James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2022) Britain: postponement, complexity and sub-national elections in the Covid-19 pandemic. International IDEA, Stockholm.

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2022) The Trump Administration:The President’s Legacy Within and Beyond America. Routledge, New York and London. ISBN 9781032195902

Birch, Sarah, Buril, Fernanda, Cheeseman, Nic, Clark, Alistair, Darnolf, Steffan, Dodsworth, Susan, Garber, Larry, Gutiérrez-Romero, Roxanna, Hollstein, Tanja, James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461, Mohan, Vasu and Sawyer, Koffi (2020) How to hold elections safely and democratically during the COVID-19 pandemic. British Academy.

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Garnett, Holly Ann (2020) Building Inclusive Elections. Routledge, New York. ISBN 9780367509507

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Bernal, Paul (2020) Is it time for automatic voter registration in the UK? UNSPECIFIED.

James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2020) Comparative Electoral Management: Performance, Networks and Instruments. Routledge Studies in Elections, Democracy and Autocracy . Routledge. ISBN 9781138682412

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Clark, Alistair (2016) An Evaluation of Electoral Administration at the EU Referendum. Electoral Commission, London.

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461, Sidorczuk, Oliver, Imafidon, Kenny and McGrath, Daniel and ClearView Research, Bite The Ballot (2016) Getting the 'Missing Millions' on to the electoral register:A vision for voter registration reform in the UK. All Party Parliamentary Group on Democratic Participation.

James, Tobias ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Clark, Alistair (2015) The Review on Electoral Fraud:A Reply. Political Studies Association.

James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2012) Elite Statecraft and Election Administration: Bending the Rules of the Game. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.

Other

Vasani, Harsh, James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Garnett, Holly Ann (2022) Ireland has moved to improve electoral integrity – other countries should follow suit. LSE EUROPP.

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 and Clark, Alistair (2021) The UK has delayed elections longer than most countries – and England still isn’t ready to hold pandemic votes in May. LSE Mackinder Programme.

James, Toby S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2016) Voter ID is a risky reform when 8m people are already missing from the electoral register. Democratic Audit UK.

James, Toby ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5461 (2011) 'The Impact of Individual Electoral Registration on British Elections', Evidence to the Political and Constitutional Reform Select Committee. House of Commons.