Primary succession in an Atlantic saltmarsh: from intertidal flats to mid-marsh platform in 35 years

Castillo, Jesús M., Gallego-Tévar, Blanca, Castellanos, Eloy M., Figueroa, M. Enrique and Davy, Anthony J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7658-7106 (2021) Primary succession in an Atlantic saltmarsh: from intertidal flats to mid-marsh platform in 35 years. Journal of Ecology, 109 (8). pp. 2909-2921. ISSN 0022-0477

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Abstract

Although salt marsh is a classic example of primary succession, the underlying mechanisms and their time-scales are poorly understood. As salt marsh succession depends on sediment accretion, the amelioration of abiotic conditions associated with increasing elevation suggests potential explanatory roles for facilitation, competition and the stress-gradient hypothesis. We present a 35-year longitudinal study of salt marsh development from intertidal flat to a mid-marsh platform at Odiel Marshes in south-western Iberia. Using permanent plots, this work chronicles changes in elevation and marsh morphology, their evolving effects on sediment redox potential and salinity and the colonisation and changing patterns of dominance of halophytic species. Sporadically colonising clumps of the low-marsh species Spartina maritima trapped sediment to form raised tussocks, which increased in elevation and area. Reduced tidal inundation and locally improved drainage promoted higher redox potentials and allowed colonisation by a sequence of species less tolerant of reducing conditions: Sarcocornia perennis, its hybrid with high-marsh S. fruticosa, and Atriplex portulacoides. Unlike its centrifugally colonising predecessors, A. portulacoides invaded from the tussock edges. Transplant experiments designed to investigate its late establishment on tussocks showed that seedling survival depended on elevational differences as small as 4 cm. After increasing in elevation by c. 1 m (c. 29 mm/year), coalescence of the tussocks formed a marsh platform at a level corresponding to mean high tides. This supports a theoretical punctuated transition from ‘submergence marsh’ to ‘emergence marsh’, previously postulated for this tidal elevation. Synthesis. The unexpected rapidity of this primary succession highlights the central role of facilitation. Vertical sediment accretion, locally engineered by colonising species, progressively alleviates abiotic stress and allows colonisation by species that are less tolerant of chemically reducing conditions but are ultimately better competitors.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	atriplex portulacoides,elevation,emergence marsh,facilitation,invasion,redox potential,sediment accretion,stress-gradient hypothesis,ecology, evolution, behavior and systematics,plant science,ecology ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1105
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Science > School of Biological Sciences
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Science > Research Centres > Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Organisms and the Environment
Related URLs:	http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?...
Depositing User:	LivePure Connector
Date Deposited:	08 May 2021 00:03
Last Modified:	14 May 2023 00:55
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/79954
DOI:	10.1111/1365-2745.13692

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