The effects of recombination, mutation and selection on the evolution of the Rp1resistance genes in grasses

Jouet, Agathe, McMullan, Mark and van Oosterhout, Cock ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5653-738X (2015) The effects of recombination, mutation and selection on the evolution of the Rp1resistance genes in grasses. Molecular Ecology, 24 (12). pp. 3077-3092. ISSN 0962-1083

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Abstract

Plant immune genes, or resistance genes, are involved in a co-evolutionary arms race with a diverse range of pathogens. In agronomically important grasses, such R genes have been extensively studied because of their role in pathogen resistance and in the breeding of resistant cultivars. In this study, we evaluate the importance of recombination, mutation and selection on the evolution of the R gene complex Rp1 of Sorghum, Triticum, Brachypodium, Oryza and Zea. Analyses show that recombination is widespread, and we detected 73 independent instances of sequence exchange, involving on average 1567 of 4692 nucleotides analysed (33.4%). We were able to date 24 interspecific recombination events and found that four occurred postspeciation, which suggests that genetic introgression took place between different grass species. Other interspecific events seemed to have been maintained over long evolutionary time, suggesting the presence of balancing selection. Significant positive selection (i.e. a relative excess of nonsynonymous substitutions (dN/dS>1)) was detected in 17–95 codons (0.42–2.02%). Recombination was significantly associated with areas with high levels of polymorphism but not with an elevated dN/dS ratio. Finally, phylogenetic analyses show that recombination results in a general overestimation of the divergence time (mean = 14.3%) and an alteration of the gene tree topology if the tree is not calibrated. Given that the statistical power to detect recombination is determined by the level of polymorphism of the amplicon as well as the number of sequences analysed, it is likely that many studies have underestimated the importance of recombination relative to the mutation rate.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Acknowledgements: The beast analyses presented in this study were carried out on the High Performance Computing Cluster supported by the Research and Specialist Computing Support service at the University of East Anglia. Figure 2 was drawn with the R package hybrids created by Benjamin Ward. CvO and AJ are funded by the Earth and Life Systems Alliance (ELSA). MM is funded by The Genome Analysis Centre.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	genetic recombination,introgression,phylogenetic dating,positive selection,resistance genes,poaceae,molecular biology ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1300/1312
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Science > School of Environmental Sciences
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Science > Research Centres > Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	26 Aug 2015 13:44
Last Modified:	25 Sep 2024 12:00
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/54167
DOI:	10.1111/mec.13213

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