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Carmenta, Rachel 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8607-4147, Zabala, Aiora, Trihadmojo, Bambang, Gaveau, David, Salim, Mohammad Agus and Phelps, Jacob
(2021)
Evaluating bundles of interventions to prevent peat-fires in Indonesia.
Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions, 67.
ISSN 0959-3780
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Abstract
The carbon-dense peatlands of Indonesia are a landscape of global importance undergoing rapid land-use change. Here, peat drained for agricultural expansion increases the risk of large-scale uncontrolled fires. Several solutions to this complex environmental, humanitarian and economic crisis have been proposed, such as forest protection measures and agricultural support. However, numerous programmes have largely failed. Bundles of interventions are proposed as promising strategies in integrated approaches, but what policy interventions to combine and how to align such bundles to local conditions remains unclear. We evaluate the impact of two types of interventions and of their combinations, in reducing fire occurrence through driving behavioural change: incentives (i.e. rewards that are conditional on environmental performance), and deterrents (e.g. sanction, soliciting concerns for health). We look at the impact of these interventions in 10 villages with varying landscape and fire-risk contexts in Sumatra, Indonesia. A private-led implementation of a standardised programme allows us to study outcome variability through a natural experiment design. We conduct a systematic cross-case comparison to identify the most effective combinations of interventions, using two-step qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and geospatial and socio-economic survey data (n = 303). We analysed the combined influence of proximate conditions (interventions, e.g. fear of sanction) and remote ones (context; e.g. extent of peat soil) on fire outcomes. We show how, depending on the level of risk in the pre-existing context, certain bundles of interventions are needed to succeed. We found that, despite the programme being framed as rewards-based, people were not responding to the reward alone. Rather sanctions and soliciting concern appeared central to fire prevention, raising important equity implications. Our results contribute to the emerging global interest in peat fire mitigation, and the rapidly developing literature on PES performance.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | carbon,governance,oil palm,payments for ecosystem services,public-private,qca,global and planetary change,geography, planning and development,ecology,management, monitoring, policy and law,sdg 15 - life on land ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2300/2306 |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Social Sciences > School of Global Development (formerly School of International Development) University of East Anglia Research Groups/Centres > Theme - ClimateUEA |
| UEA Research Groups: | University of East Anglia Schools > Faculty of Science > Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research Faculty of Science > Research Centres > Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research Faculty of Social Sciences > Research Groups > Global Environmental Justice |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Oct 2020 23:54 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Sep 2024 14:59 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/77079 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102154 |
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