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Elson, Richard 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6350-5274, Davies, Tilman M., Jenkins, Claire, Vivancos, Roberto, O'Brien, Sarah J. and Lake, Iain R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4407-5357
(2020)
Application of kernel smoothing to estimate the spatio-temporal variation in risk of STEC O157 in England.
Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology, 32.
ISSN 1877-5845
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Abstract
Identifying geographical areas with significantly higher or lower rates of infectious diseases can provide important aetiological clues to inform the development of public health policy and interventions designed to reduce morbidity. We applied kernel smoothing to estimate the spatial and spatio-temporal variation in risk of STEC O157 infection in England between 2009 and 2015, and to explore differences between the residential locations of cases reporting travel and those not reporting travel. We provide evidence that the distribution of STEC O157 infection in England is non-uniform with respect to the distribution of the at-risk population; that the spatial distribution of the three main genetic lineages infecting humans (I, II and I/II) differs significantly and that the spatio-temporal risk is highly dynamic. Our results also indicate that cases of STEC O157 reporting travel within or outside the UK are more likely to live in the south/south-east of the country, meaning that their residential location may not reflect the location of exposure that led to their infection. We suggest that the observed variation in risk reflects exposure to sources of STEC O157 that are geographically prescribed. These differences may be related to a combination of changes in the strains circulating in the ruminant reservoir, animal movements (livestock, birds or wildlife) or the behavior of individuals prior to infection. Further work to identify the importance of behaviours and exposures reported by cases relative to residential location is needed.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | association,bandwidth selectors,cattle density,epidemiology,escherichia-coli o157,geographical-distribution,hemolytic-uremic syndrome,indicators,infection,relative risk,spatial variation,shiga-toxin producing e. coli,spatial,spatio-temporal,sdg 3 - good health and well-being ,/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Science > School of Environmental Sciences |
| UEA Research Groups: | University of East Anglia Schools > Faculty of Science > Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research Faculty of Science > Research Centres > Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Environmental Social Sciences Faculty of Science > Research Centres > Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Oct 2019 15:43 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Oct 2024 00:20 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/72827 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.sste.2019.100305 |
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