Accelerated fetal growth prior to diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study of nulliparous women

Sovio, Ulla, Murphy, Helen and Smith, Gordon C.S (2016) Accelerated fetal growth prior to diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study of nulliparous women. Diabetes Care, 39 (6). pp. 982-987. ISSN 0149-5992

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether fetal overgrowth precedes the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to quantify the interrelationships among fetal overgrowth, GDM, and maternal obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of unselected nulliparous women and performed ultrasonic measurement of the fetal abdominal circumference (AC) and head circumference (HC) at 20 and 28 weeks of gestational age (wkGA). Exposures were diagnosis of GDM ≥28 wkGA and maternal obesity. The risk of AC >90th and HC-to-AC ratio <10th percentile was modeled using log-binomial regression, adjusted for maternal characteristics. RESULTS: Of 4,069 women, 171 (4.2%) were diagnosed with GDM at ≥28 wkGA. There was no association between fetal biometry at 20 wkGA and subsequent maternal diagnosis of GDM. However, at 28 wkGA, there was an increased risk of AC >90th percentile (adjusted relative risk 2.05 [95% CI 1.37-3.07]) and HC-to-AC ratio <10th percentile (1.97 [1.30-2.99]). Maternal obesity showed similar associations at 28 wkGA (2.04 [1.62-2.56] and 1.46 [1.12-1.90], respectively). The combination of GDM and obesity was associated with an approximately fivefold risk of AC >90th (4.52 [2.98-6.85]) and approximately threefold risk of HC-to-AC ratio <10th percentile (2.80 [1.64-4.78]) at 28 wkGA. Fetal AC >90th percentile at 28 weeks was associated with an approximately fourfold risk of being large for gestational age at birth. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of GDM is preceded by excessive growth of the fetal AC between 20 and 28 wkGA, and its effects on fetal growth are additive with the effects of maternal obesity.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	© 2016 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. Running title: Fetal overgrowth predates GDM diagnosis
Uncontrolled Keywords:	sdg 3 - good health and well-being ,/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Metabolic Health
Related URLs:	https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/...
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	22 Mar 2016 09:35
Last Modified:	19 Oct 2023 01:39
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/57815
DOI:	10.2337/dc16-0160

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