Evolving wrinkles: time-dependent buckling of an elastic sheet on a liquid substrate

Netherwood, Daniel J., Humphries, Ben S., Robbins, Connor ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3762-4744 and O'Kiely, Doireann (2026) Evolving wrinkles: time-dependent buckling of an elastic sheet on a liquid substrate. Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Science, 482 (2347).

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Abstract

We model the formation and evolution of wrinkles in a floating elastic sheet under uniaxial compression. This is a canonical set-up in the study of wrinkling, and while its static equilibrium configuration is well characterized, its dynamics are not. Here, we focus on modelling the transition from early-time, inertia-dominated wrinkle growth to late-time gravity-moderated equilibrium. For an initially flat sheet, an initial disturbance will first grow at the shortest available wavelengths, because this requires the least kinetic energy, but will subsequently transition to a longer preferred wavelength that minimizes potential energy. We observe that the evolving wave pattern must be a spectrum, as opposed to a fundamental wrinkle mode whose wavelength evolves in time. Our results demonstrate that changes in the dominant wrinkle wavelength are coupled to a decay in the compressive force, which is to be expected from equilibrium theory. As part of this study, we found that the system must have a dissipation mechanism in order to evolve into an equilibrium steady state. The dominant wrinkle wavelength and compressive force appear to be independent of the level of dissipation, although it does influence the shape of the wrinkle wave packet, with the spectrum narrowing as dissipation increases.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: Data accessibility: This article has no additional data.
Uncontrolled Keywords: applied mathematics,mechanics wrinkling,pattern formation,fluid–structure interaction,wrinkling,das not required, no data associated with output,2026 ,/dt/atira/pure/keyword/DAStatement/das_not_required_no_data_associated_with_output
Faculty \ School: Faculty of Science > School of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Faculty of Science > School of Environmental Sciences
UEA Research Groups: Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Quantum Matter
Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Fluids & Structures
Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Climatic Research Unit
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Depositing User: LivePure Connector
Date Deposited: 15 Oct 2026 13:27
Last Modified: 15 Oct 2026 13:27
URI: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/104789
DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2025.0958

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