Non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterised by very early T cell proliferation independent of type 1 interferon responses and distinct from other acute respiratory viruses

Chandran, Aneesh, Rosenheim, Joshua, Nageswaran, Gayathri, Swadling, Leo, Pollara, Gabriele, Gupta, Rishi K., Guerra-Assuncao, Jose Afonso, Woolston, Annemarie, Ronel, Tahel, Pade, Corrina, Gibbons, Joseph M., Sanz-Magallon Duque De Estrada, Blanca, Robert de Massy, Marc, Whelan, Matthew, Semper, Amanda, Brooks, Tim, Altmann, Daniel M., Boyton, Rosemary J., McKnight, Áine, Manisty, Charlotte, Treibel, Thomas Alexander, Moon, James, Tomlinson, Gillian S., Maini, Mala K., Chain, Benjamin M. and Noursadeghi, Mahdad and COVIDsortium Investigators (2021) Non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterised by very early T cell proliferation independent of type 1 interferon responses and distinct from other acute respiratory viruses.

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Abstract

The correlates of natural protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the majority who experience asymptomatic infection or non-severe disease are not fully characterised, and remain important as new variants emerge. We addressed this question using blood transcriptomics, multiparameter flow cytometry and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing spanning the time of incident infection. We identified a type 1 interferon (IFN) response common to other acute respiratory viruses, and a cell proliferation response that discriminated SARS-CoV-2 from other viruses. These responses peaked by the time the virus was first detected, and in some preceded virus detection. Cell proliferation was most evident in CD8 T cells and associated with rapid expansion of SARS-CoV-2 reactive TCRs. We found an equally rapid increase in immunoglobulin transcripts, but circulating virus-specific antibodies lagged by 1-2 weeks. Our data support a protective role for rapid induction of type 1 IFN and CD8 T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Now published in Cell Reports Medicine doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100557 under the title: Rapid synchronous type 1 IFN and virus-specific T cell responses characterize first wave non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infections
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
Depositing User:	LivePure Connector
Date Deposited:	05 Mar 2025 12:30
Last Modified:	28 Mar 2025 01:02
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/98681
DOI:	10.1101/2021.03.30.21254540

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