Complexity of the lichen symbiosis revealed by metagenome and transcriptome analysis of Xanthoria parietina

Tagirdzhanova, Gulnara, Scharnagl, Klara, Sahu, Neha, Yan, Xia, Bucknell, Angus, Bentham, Adam R., Jégousse, Clara, Ament-Velásquez, Sandra Lorena, Onuț-Brännström, Ioana, Johannesson, Hanna, Maclean, Dan and Talbot, Nicholas J. (2025) Complexity of the lichen symbiosis revealed by metagenome and transcriptome analysis of Xanthoria parietina. Current Biology. ISSN 0960-9822

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Abstract

Lichens are composite, symbiotic associations of fungi, algae, and bacteria that result in large, anatomically complex organisms adapted to many of the world’s most challenging environments. How such intricate, self-replicating lichen architectures develop from simple microbial components remains unknown because of their recalcitrance to experimental manipulation. Here, we report a metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis of the lichen Xanthoria parietina at different developmental stages. We identified 168 genomes of symbionts and lichen-associated microbes across the sampled thalli, including representatives of green algae, three different classes of fungi, and 14 bacterial phyla. By analyzing the occurrence of individual species across lichen thalli from diverse environments, we defined both substrate-specific and core microbial components of the lichen. Metatranscriptomic analysis of the principal fungal symbiont from three different developmental stages of a lichen, compared with axenically grown fungus, revealed differential gene expression profiles indicative of lichen-specific transporter functions, specific cell signaling, transcriptional regulation, and secondary metabolic capacity. Putative immunity-related proteins and lichen-specific structurally conserved secreted proteins resembling fungal pathogen effectors were also identified, consistent with a role for immunity modulation in lichen morphogenesis.

Item Type:	Article
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Science > The Sainsbury Laboratory Faculty of Science > School of Biological Sciences
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Norwich Institute for Healthy Aging
Depositing User:	LivePure Connector
Date Deposited:	04 Feb 2025 18:30
Last Modified:	09 Feb 2025 07:30
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/98393
DOI:	10.1016/j.cub.2024.12.041

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