Small forest patches and landscape-scale fragmentation exacerbate forest fire prevalence in Amazonia

Noble, Ciar D., Gilroy, James J. and Peres, Carlos A. (2025) Small forest patches and landscape-scale fragmentation exacerbate forest fire prevalence in Amazonia. Journal of Environmental Management, 375. ISSN 0301-4797

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Abstract

Over recent decades, forest fire prevalence has increased throughout the tropics, necessitating improved understanding of the landscape-scale drivers of fire occurrence. Here, we use MapBiomas land-cover and fire scar data to evaluate relationships between forest fragmentation, land-use, and forest fire prevalence in a typically consolidated Amazonian agricultural frontier: Portal da Amazonia, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Using zero-/zero-one-inflated Beta regressions, we investigate effects of forest patch (area, shape, surrounding forest cover) and landscape-scale variables (forest edge length, land-cover composition) on forest fire occurrence and density between 1985 and 2021. We show that fire density was greatest in small, complex forest patches. Small patches (≤100 ha) were also the dominant contributors to annual, regional forest fire cover. At the landscape-scale (100 km2), forest edge length and urban land cover were positively associated with forest fire occurrence and density. Furthermore, forest fires were most likely to occur in landscapes consisting of ∼45% pasture cover, while fire density increased roughly linearly with pasture cover. Cropland cover was negatively associated with forest fire occurrence and density. Our findings indicate clear links between forest fragmentation and increased forest fire prevalence. This is cause for global concern, given that fragmentation rates throughout Amazonia are increasing, and fires are eroding the Amazon's capacity to act as a carbon sink. Efforts to minimise further fragmentation within Amazonia would likely help reduce forest fire prevalence. Within already fragmented regions, the conversion of pasture into crops, alongside targeted efforts to suppress fires within small forest patches and urbanized areas, may also limit fire prevalence.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Data availability statement: Code required to extract and analyse the publicly available data is provided in a dedicated repository (https://zenodo.org/records/13627983). Pre-processed data can be made available upon request. Funding information: C.D.N.'s PhD work at the University of East Anglia is funded by a University of East Anglia Science Studentship. C.A.P. is supported by a Frontiers Planet Prize (2023) from the Frontiers Foundation.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	beta regression,brazil,ecosystem flammability,forest edges,land-use,landscape configuration,pasture
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Science > School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Research Groups/Centres > Theme - ClimateUEA
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Organisms and the Environment Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Environmental Biology Faculty of Science > Research Centres > Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation
Depositing User:	LivePure Connector
Date Deposited:	29 Jan 2025 14:54
Last Modified:	29 Jan 2025 20:38
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/98332
DOI:

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