Effectiveness and feasibility of a theory-informed intervention to improve Mediterranean diet adherence, physical activity and cognition in older adults at risk of dementia: The MedEx-UK randomised controlled trial

Jennings, Amy, Shannon, Oliver M., Gillings, Rachel, Lee, Vivien, Elsworthy, Richard J., Bundy, Rafe, Girish, Rao, Hanson, Sarah ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4751-8248, Hardeman, Wendy ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6498-9407, Paddick, S.-M., Servo, Mario, Aldred, Sarah, Mathers, John C., Hornberger, Michael ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2214-3788 and Minihane, Anne-Marie ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9042-4226 (2024) Effectiveness and feasibility of a theory-informed intervention to improve Mediterranean diet adherence, physical activity and cognition in older adults at risk of dementia: The MedEx-UK randomised controlled trial. BMC Medicine, 22. ISSN 1741-7015

Preview

PDF (Jennings et al_MedEx BMC Medicine Proofs 2024) Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (15MB) | Preview

Abstract

Background: Despite an urgent need for multi-domain lifestyle interventions to reduce dementia risk, there is a lack of interventions which are informed by theory- and evidence-based behaviour change strategies, and no interventions in this domain have investigated the feasibility or effectiveness of behaviour change maintenance. We tested the feasibility, acceptability and cognitive effects of a personalised theory-based 24-week intervention to improve Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence alone, or in combination with physical activity (PA), in older-adults at risk of dementia, defined using a cardiovascular risk score. Methods: Participants (n=104, 74% female, 57–76 years) were randomised to three parallel intervention arms: (1) control, (2) MD, or (3) MD+PA for 24 weeks and invited to an optional 24-week follow-up period with no active intervention. Behaviour change was supported using personalised targets, a web-based intervention, group sessions and food provision. The primary outcome was behaviour change (MD adherence and PA levels), and the secondary outcomes included feasibility and acceptability, cognitive function, cardiometabolic health (BMI and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure) and process measures. Results: The intervention was feasible and acceptable with the intended number of participants completing the study. Participant engagement with group sessions and food provision components was high. There was improved MD adherence in the two MD groups compared with control at 24 weeks (3.7 points on a 14-point scale (95% CI 2.9, 4.5) and 48 weeks (2.7 points (95% CI 1.6, 3.7)). The intervention did not significantly change objectively measured PA. Improvements in general cognition (0.22 (95% CI 0.05, 0.35), memory (0.31 (95% CI 0.10, 0.51) and select cardiovascular outcomes captured as underpinning physiological mechanisms were observed in the MD groups at 24 weeks. Conclusions: The intervention was successful in initiating and maintaining dietary behaviour change for up to 12 months which resulted in cognitive benefits. It provides a framework for future complex behaviour change interventions with a range of health and well-being endpoints. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03673722.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Data availability statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request. Funding information: The main trial funding was from Alzheimer’s Research UK Prevention and Risk Reduction Fund (ARUK-PRRF2017-006) with additional support provided by the UK Nutrition Research Partnership (UK NRP), an initiative supported by the Medical Research Council (MRC), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (MR/T001852/1) as part of the NuBrain Consortium work programme.
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > School of Health Sciences
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Norwich Institute for Healthy Aging Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Lifespan Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Health Promotion Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Behavioural and Implementation Science Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Mental Health
Depositing User:	LivePure Connector
Date Deposited:	14 Jan 2025 00:59
Last Modified:	14 Jan 2025 00:59
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/98186
DOI:	10.1186/s12916-024-03815-z

Downloads

Actions (login required)

View Item