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ToolsAirborne DNA (2024) Airborne DNA reveals predictable spatial and seasonal dynamics of fungi. Nature, 631 (8022). pp. 835-842. ISSN 0028-0836
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Abstract
Fungi are among the most diverse and ecologically important kingdoms in life. However, the distributional ranges of fungi remain largely unknown as do the ecological mechanisms that shape their distributions 1,2. To provide an integrated view of the spatial and seasonal dynamics of fungi, we implemented a globally distributed standardized aerial sampling of fungal spores 3. The vast majority of operational taxonomic units were detected within only one climatic zone, and the spatiotemporal patterns of species richness and community composition were mostly explained by annual mean air temperature. Tropical regions hosted the highest fungal diversity except for lichenized, ericoid mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi, which reached their peak diversity in temperate regions. The sensitivity in climatic responses was associated with phylogenetic relatedness, suggesting that large-scale distributions of some fungal groups are partially constrained by their ancestral niche. There was a strong phylogenetic signal in seasonal sensitivity, suggesting that some groups of fungi have retained their ancestral trait of sporulating for only a short period. Overall, our results show that the hyperdiverse kingdom of fungi follows globally highly predictable spatial and temporal dynamics, with seasonality in both species richness and community composition increasing with latitude. Our study reports patterns resembling those described for other major groups of organisms, thus making a major contribution to the long-standing debate on whether organisms with a microbial lifestyle follow the global biodiversity paradigms known for macroorganisms 4,5.
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| Additional Information: | Data availability statement: All data used in this paper are available at Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10444737)59. GSSP data were downloaded from Ovaskainen et al. Climatic data were downloaded from the Copernicus Climate Change Service Climate Data Store (‘ERA5 hourly data on single levels dataset’ and ‘sis biodiversity era5 global dataset’). We extracted spore size and trophic guild data from data assembled by Aguilar-Trigueros et al.. Spore size data originate from species-level taxonomic descriptions in Mycobank. Code availability: The R pipeline that can be used to reproduce the results of this paper is available at Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10444737)59. All analyses were conducted in R v.4.3.1 (ref. 82) with the packages ade4 1.7-22, adespatial 0.3-23, ape 5.7-1, ecmwfr 1.5.0, geosphere 1.5-18, Hmsc 3.0-14, jsonify 1.2.2, kgc 1.0.0.2, lme4 1.1-35.1, lubridate 1.9.3, maps 3.4.2, MASS 7.3-60, ncdf4 1.22, nlme 3.1-162, phyloseq 1.46.0, phytools 2.1-1, raster 3.6-26, rgdal 1.6-7, scales 1.3.0, sjstats 0.18.2, tidyverse 2.0.0, vegan 2.6.4, VennDiagram 1.7.3, vioplot 0.4.0 and wordcloud 2.6. Funding information: This study was supported by funding from the Academy of Finland (grant nos. 336212, 345110, 322266, 335354 and 357475); the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 856506; ERC-synergy project LIFEPLAN); the EU Horizon 2020 project INTERACT under grant agreement nos. 730938 and 871120; the Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation; the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence Funding Scheme (no. 223257); the Estonian Research Council (grant no. PRG1170); FORMAS (grant nos. 215-2011-498 and 226-2014-1109); the Canada Foundation for Innovation, Polar Knowledge Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC Discover); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) UK (grant nos. NE/N001710/1 and NE/N002431/1); BBSRC (grant no. BB/L012286/1); the Austrian Ministry of Science (the ABOL-HRSM project); the municipality of Vienna (Division of Environmental Protection); Southern Scientific Centre RAS (project no. 122020100332-8); the Croatian Science Foundation under the project FunMed (grant no. HRZZ-IP-2022-10-5219); the National Research Council of Thailand (grant no. N42A650547); Dirigibile Italia Station, Institute of Polar Science (ISP) – National Research Council; the US National Science Foundation (nos. DEB-1655896, DEB-1655076 and DEB-1932467); the Pepper-Giberson Chair Fund; the National Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 41761144055 and 41771063); São Paulo Research Foundation (no. FAPESP 2016/25197-0) and Legado das Águas-Brazil; Hong Kong’s Research Grants Council (General Research Fund no. 17118317); the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; Canada’s New Frontiers in Research Fund; Swedish Research Council support (grant no. 4.3-2021-00164) to SITES and Abisko Scientific Research Station; the Mushroom Research Foundation, Thailand; and the Italian National Biodiversity Future Center (MUR-PNRR, Mission 4.2. Investment 1.4, Project no. CN00000033). |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Science > School of Biological Sciences |
| UEA Research Groups: | Faculty of Science > Research Centres > Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Organisms and the Environment |
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| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Dec 2024 01:43 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Dec 2024 01:39 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/97930 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41586-024-07658-9 |
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