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Zheng, Yixi, Webber, Benjamin G. M. 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8812-5929, Heywood, Karen J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9859-0026, Stevens, David P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-4405, Stammerjohn, Sharon E. and Hall, Rob A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3665-6322
(2024)
Upper-ocean processes and sea ice production in the southeastern Amundsen Sea Polynya in austral autumn.
Journal of Physical Oceanography.
ISSN 0022-3670
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Abstract
The mixed layer of polynyas is vital for local climate as it determines the exchange of properties and energy between ocean, sea ice and atmosphere. However, its evolution is poorly understood, as it is controlled by complex interactions among these components, yet highly under-sampled, especially outside summer. Here we present a two-month, high vertical resolution, full-depth hydrographic dataset from the southeastern Amundsen Sea Polynya in austral autumn (mid-February to mid-April 2014) collected by a recovered seal tag. This novel dataset quantifies the changes in upper ocean temperature and salinity stratification in this previously unobserved season. Our seal-tag measurements reveal that the mixed layer experiences deepening, salinification, and intense heat loss through surface fluxes. Heat and salt budgets suggest a sea ice formation rate of ∼3 cm per day. We use a one-dimensional model to reproduce the mixed-layer evolution and further identify key controls on its characteristics. Our experiments with a range of reduced or amplified air-sea fluxes show that heat loss to the atmosphere and related sea ice formation are the principal determinants of stratification evolution. Additionally, our modelling demonstrates that horizontal advection is required to fully explain the mixed-layer evolution, underlining the importance of the ice-covered neighbouring region for determining sea ice formation rates in the Amundsen Sea polynya. Our findings suggest that the potential overestimation of sea ice production by satellite-based methods, due to the absence of oceanic heat flux, could be offset by horizontal advection inhibiting mixed layer deepening and sustaining sea ice formation.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Additional Information: | Data Availability Statement: Full-resolution EM959 measurements are openly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10478505. All model codes and plotting codes are stored at https://github.com/YixiZheng/MixedLayerModelCodes. MODIS Terra true colour corrected reflectance product images were obtained via Worldview, https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/?v=-1837628,-754584,-1374835,- 497744&r=97&p=antarctic&z=2&l=MODIS_Terra_L3_SST_Thermal_4km_Night_Daily(hi dden),Coastlines_15m,MODIS_Terra_CorrectedReflectance_TrueColor&lg=false&t=2014- 03-23-T00%3A19%3A15Z. Sea ice production data were obtained from http://www.lowtem.hokudai.ac.jp/wwwod/polar-seaflux/southern-ocean/AMSR-LATLON/. Funding information: This work is supported by projects Ocean2ice (NERC grant NE/J005703/1; KJH, BW, DPS), TARSAN (NERC grant NE/S006419/1; YZ, KJH, RAH), ARTEMIS (NERC grant NE/W007045/1; YZ, KJH, SES, RAH) and COMPASS (European Research Council Horizon 2020 advanced grant 741120; KJH, YZ, RAH). Yixi Zheng is partially supported by the China Scholarship Council and the University of East Anglia. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | sdg 13 - climate action ,/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Science > School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Research Groups/Centres > Theme - ClimateUEA Faculty of Science > School of Engineering, Mathematics and Physics |
| UEA Research Groups: | Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Climatic Research Unit Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Numerical Simulation, Statistics & Data Science Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Fluids & Structures Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Collaborative Centre for Sustainable Use of the Seas |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Dec 2024 01:42 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Dec 2024 01:39 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/97923 |
| DOI: | 10.1175/JPO-D-24-0006.1 |
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