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Nganga, Everlyne M., Kyallo, Martina, Orwa, Philemon, Rotich, Felix, Gichuhi, Emily, Kimani, John M., Mwongera, David, Waweru, Bernice, Sikuku, Phoebe, Musyimi, David M., Mutiga, Samuel K., Ziyomo, Cathrine, Murori, Rosemary, Wasilwa, Lusike, Correll, James C. and Talbot, Nicholas J. 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6434-7757
(2022)
Foliar diseases and the associated fungi in rice cultivated in Kenya.
Plants, 11 (9).
ISSN 2223-7747
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Abstract
We conducted a survey to assess the occurrence and severity of rice blast and brown spot disease on popular cultivars in paddies in the Busia, Kirinyaga, and Kisumu counties of Kenya during 2019. Working with agricultural extension workers within rice production areas, we inter-viewed farmers (n = 89) regarding their preferred cultivars and their awareness of blast disease, as this was the major focus of our research. We scored the symptoms of blast and brown spot and assessed the lodging, plant height, and maturity of the crops (days after planting). Furthermore, we collected leaf and neck tissues for the assessment of the prevailing fungal populations. We used specific DNA primers to screen for the prevalence of the causal pathogens of blast, Magnaporthe oryzae, and brown spot, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, on asymptomatic and symptomatic leaf samples. We also conducted fungal isolations and PCR-sequencing to identify the fungal species in these tissues. Busia and Kisumu had a higher diversity of cultivars compared to Kirinyaga. The aromatic Pishori (NIBAM 11) was preferred and widely grown for commercial purposes in Kirinyaga, where 86% of Kenyan rice is produced. NIBAM108 (IR2793-80-1) and BW196 (NIBAM 109) were moder-ately resistant to blast, while NIBAM110 (ITA310) and Vietnam were susceptible. All the cultivars were susceptible to brown spot except for KEH10005 (Arize Tej Gold), a commercial hybrid cultivar. We also identified diverse pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, with a high incidence of Nigrospora oryzae, in the rice fields of Kirinyaga. There was a marginal correlation between disease severity/in-cidence and the occurrence of causal pathogens. This study provides evidence of the need to strengthen pathogen surveillance through retraining agricultural extension agents and to breed for blast and brown spot resistance in popular rice cultivars in Kenya.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Data Availability Statement: The nucleotide sequences of the fungal isolates can be obtained at https://submit.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/subs/?search=SUB10723570 (accessed on 15 February 2022). Funding Information: This project was mainly funded by Global Challenges Research Fund Grant BB/R020698/1, Durable Rice Blast Resistance for Sub-Saharan Africa of the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Sustainable Agriculture for sub-Saharan Africa (BBSRC-SASSA) program, coor-dinated by N.J.T., and the APC was waived by the Plants journal (MDPI). Maseno and Embu Uni-versities provided subsistence costs for the staff who participated in the rice blast surveillance program. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | blast,brown spot,disease surveillance,foliar diseases,multi-infections,rice,ecology, evolution, behavior and systematics,ecology,plant science ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1105 |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Science > The Sainsbury Laboratory |
| UEA Research Groups: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Norwich Institute for Healthy Aging |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Oct 2024 16:30 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Nov 2024 00:56 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/97393 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/plants11091264 |
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