Comparison of antibacterial activity of phytochemicals against common foodborne pathogens and potential for selection of resistance

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Sweet, Ryan, Booth, Catherine, Gotts, Kathryn, Grove, Stephen F., Kroon, Paul A. and Webber, Mark (2023) Comparison of antibacterial activity of phytochemicals against common foodborne pathogens and potential for selection of resistance. Microorganisms, 11 (10). ISSN 2076-2607

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Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is now commonly observed in bacterial isolates from multiple settings, compromising the efficacy of current antimicrobial agents. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement for efficacious novel antimicrobials to be used as therapeutics, prophylactically or as preservatives. One promising source of novel antimicrobial chemicals is phytochemicals, which are secondary metabolites produced by plants for numerous purposes, including antimicrobial defence. In this report, we compare the bioactivity of a range of phytochemical compounds, testing their ability to directly inhibit growth or to potentiate other antimicrobials against Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. We found that nine compounds displayed consistent bioactivity either as direct antimicrobials or as potentiators. Thymol at 0.5 mg/mL showed the greatest antimicrobial effect and significantly reduced the growth of all species, reducing viable cell populations by 66.8%, 43.2%, 29.5%, and 70.2% against S. enterica Typhimurium, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and L. monocytogenes, respectively. Selection of mutants with decreased susceptibility to thymol was possible for three of the pathogens, at a calculated rate of 3.77 × 10−8, and characterisation of S. enterica Typhimurium mutants showed a low-level MDR phenotype due to over-expression of the major efflux system AcrAB-TolC. These data show that phytochemicals can have strong antimicrobial activity, but emergence of resistance should be evaluated in any further development.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: Data Availability Statement: Data is contained within the article. Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); this research was funded by the BBSRC Institute Strategic Programmes Microbes in the Food Chain BB/R012504/1 (and its constituent project BBS/E/F/000PR10349), Food Innovation and Health BB/R012512/1 (and its constituent project BBS/E/F/000PR10343) and Microbes and Food Safety BB/X011011/1 (and its constituent project BBS/E/F/000PR13636) and by the BBSRC Norwich Research Park Biosciences Doctoral Training Partnership, grant number BB/M011216/1, as a CASE Award to Sweet R. in collaboration with Nestlé.
Uncontrolled Keywords: amr,antimicrobial resistance,flavonoids,natural products,phenolics,microbiology,microbiology (medical),virology ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2400/2404
Faculty \ School: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
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Depositing User: LivePure Connector
Date Deposited: 31 Oct 2024 09:30
Last Modified: 02 Nov 2024 00:53
URI: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/97359
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102495

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