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ToolsBlekemolen, Mila C., Liu, Zunyong, Stegman, Martin, Zipfel, Cyril, Shan, Libo and Takken, Frank L.W. (2023) The PTI-suppressing Avr2 effector from Fusarium oxysporum suppresses mono-ubiquitination and plasma membrane dissociation of BIK1. Molecular Plant Pathology, 24 (10). pp. 1273-1286. ISSN 1464-6722
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Abstract
Plant pathogens use effector proteins to target host processes involved in pathogen perception, immune signalling, or defence outputs. Unlike foliar pathogens, it is poorly understood how root-invading pathogens suppress immunity. The Avr2 effector from the tomato root- and xylem-colonizing pathogen Fusarium oxysporum suppresses immune signalling induced by various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). It is unknown how Avr2 targets the immune system. Transgenic AVR2 Arabidopsis thaliana phenocopies mutants in which the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) co-receptor BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE (BAK1) or its downstream signalling kinase BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1 (BIK1) are knocked out. We therefore tested whether these kinases are Avr2 targets. Flg22-induced complex formation of the PRR FLAGELLIN SENSITIVE 2 and BAK1 occurred in the presence and absence of Avr2, indicating that Avr2 does not affect BAK1 function or PRR complex formation. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that Avr2 and BIK1 co-localize in planta. Although Avr2 did not affect flg22-induced BIK1 phosphorylation, mono-ubiquitination was compromised. Furthermore, Avr2 affected BIK1 abundance and shifted its localization from nucleocytoplasmic to the cell periphery/plasma membrane. Together, these data imply that Avr2 may retain BIK1 at the plasma membrane, thereby suppressing its ability to activate immune signalling. Because mono-ubiquitination of BIK1 is required for its internalization, interference with this process by Avr2 could provide a mechanistic explanation for the compromised BIK1 mobility upon flg22 treatment. The identification of BIK1 as an effector target of a root-invading vascular pathogen identifies this kinase as a conserved signalling component for both root and shoot immunity.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Additional Information: | Funding Information: F.L.W.T. and M.C.B. were supported by the NWO‐Earth and Life Sciences funded VICI project no. 865.14.003. Z.L and L.S were supported by NIH (R35GM144275), NSF (IOS‐2049642), and the Robert A. Welch Foundation (A‐2122‐20220331). C.Z. was supported by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation, the University of Zürich, the European Research Council under the grant agreements 309858 (grants PHOSPHinnATE), and the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 31003A_182625). M.S. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship (STE 2448/1) from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Molecular Plant Pathology published by British Society for Plant Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | defence signalling,effectors,fusarium,plant immunity,receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases,molecular biology,agronomy and crop science,soil science,plant science ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1300/1312 |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Science > The Sainsbury Laboratory |
| UEA Research Groups: | Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Plant Sciences |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Oct 2024 15:30 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Nov 2024 00:53 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/97342 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/mpp.13369 |
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