Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Ecosystem

Fong, Allison A., Hoppe, Clara J. M., Aberle, Nicole, Ashjian, Carin J., Assmy, Philipp, Bai, Youcheng, Bakker, Dorothee C. E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9234-5337, Balmonte, John P., Barry, Kevin R., Bertilsson, Stefan, Boulton, William ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8258-4673, Bowman, Jeff, Bozzato, Deborah, Bratbak, Gunnar, Buck, Moritz, Campbell, Robert G., Castellani, Giulia, Chamberlain, Emelia J., Chen, Jianfang, Chierici, Melissa, Cornils, Astrid, Creamean, Jessie M., Damm, Ellen, Dethloff, Klaus, Droste, Elise S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3467-0083, Ebenhöh, Oliver, Eggers, Sarah L., Engel, Anja, Flores, Hauke, Fransson, Agneta, Frickenhaus, Stephan, Gardner, Jessie, Gelfman, Cecilia E., Granskog, Mats A., Graeve, Martin, Havermans, Charlotte, Heuzé, Céline, Hildebrandt, Nicole, Hill, Thomas C. J., Hoppema, Mario, Immerz, Antonia, Jin, Haiyan, Koch, Boris P., Kong, Xianyu, Kraberg, Alexandra, Lan, Musheng, Lange, Benjamin A., Larsen, Aud, Lebreton, Benoit, Leu, Eva, Loose, Brice, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Mavis, Camille, Metfies, Katja, Mock, Thomas ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-0362, Müller, Oliver, Nicolaus, Marcel, Niehoff, Barbara, Nomura, Daiki, Nöthig, Eva-Maria, Oggier, Marc, Oldenburg, Ellen, Olsen, Lasse Mork, Peeken, Ilka, Perovich, Donald, Popa, Ovidiu, Rabe, Benjamin, Ren, Jian, Rex, Markus, Rinke, Annette, Rokitta, Sebastian, Rost, Björn, Sakinan, Serdar, Salganik, Evgenii, Schaafsma, Fokje L., Schäfer, Hendrik, Schmidt, Katrin, Shoemaker, Katyanne M., Shupe, Matthew D., Snoeijs-Leijonmalm, Pauline, Stefels, Jacqueline, Svenson, Anders, Tao, Ran, Torres-Valdes, Sinhue, Torstensson, Anders, Toseland, Andrew, Ulfsbo, Adam, van Leeuwe, Maria A., Vortkamp, Martina, Webb, Alison L., Zhuang, Yanpei and Gradinger, Rolf R. and MOSAiC expedition: Ecoysystem (2024) Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Ecosystem. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 12 (1). ISSN 2325-1026

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Abstract

The international and interdisciplinary sea-ice drift expedition “The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate” (MOSAiC) was conducted from October 2019 to September 2020.The aim of MOSAiC was to study the interconnected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics and processes from the atmosphere to the deep sea of the central Arctic system. The ecosystem team addressed current knowledge gaps and explored unknown biological properties over a complete seasonal cycle focusing on three major research areas: biodiversity, biogeochemical cycles, and linkages to the environment. In addition to the measurements of core properties along a complete seasonal cycle, dedicated projects covered specific processes and habitats, or organisms on higher taxonomic or temporal resolution in specific time windows. A wide range of sampling instruments and approaches, including sea-ice coring, lead sampling with pumps, rosette-based water sampling, plankton nets, remotely operated vehicles, and acoustic buoys, was applied to address the science objectives. Further, a broad range of process-related measurements to address, for example, productivity patterns, seasonal migrations, and diversity shifts, were made both in situ and onboard RV Polarstern. This article provides a detailed overview of the sampling approaches used to address the three main science objectives. It highlights the core sampling program and provides examples of habitat- or process-specific sampling. The initial results presented include high biological activities in wintertime and the discovery of biological hotspots in underexplored habitats. The unique interconnectivity of the coordinated sampling efforts also revealed insights into cross-disciplinary interactions like the impact of biota on Arctic cloud formation.This overview further presents both lessons learned from conducting such a demanding field campaign and an outlook on spin-off projects to be conducted over the next years.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Data accessibility statement: Drift track data for each MOSAiC leg are available via PANGAEA (Haas, 2020; Kanzow, 2020; Rex, 2020; 2021a; 2021b). Combined surface ocean temperature and salinity data from different sensors as described in Schulz et al. (2024) are available via the Arctic Data Center (Schulz et al., 2023). Data on air temperature at 2 m over the MOSAiC floe are available at the Arctic Data Center (Cox et al., 2023a). Incoming PAR data were derived from radiation station measurements published at PANGAEA (Nicolaus et al., 2022a; 2023a; 2023b). Macro-nutrient data are available via PANGAEA (Torres-Valdés et al., 2024a; 2024b). Metadata for Figure 7 is available in Table S8. Funding This work was funded by The German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) through financing the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI) and the Polarstern expedition PS122 under grant N-2014-H-060_Dethloff and by AWI through its projects: AWI_ECO, AWI_BGC, AWI_ATMO, AWI_ICE, AWI_OCEAN, and AWI_SNOW. AC was supported by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF; Grant 03F0917A MOSAiC 3). The funding for AE and MC was provided by the Helmholtz Association and by the MicroARC project (03F0802A) within the Changing Arctic Ocean program, jointly funded by the UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). ALW and HS were funded through the UK Natural Environment Research Council’s (NERC) contribution to MOSAiC, grant NE/S002596/1 for the SIMbRICS project. AU received funding from the Swedish Research Council Formas (grant no. 2018-01398) and the Carl Trygger Foundation (grant no. CTS 15:505). BLe was supported by a Fellowship from the Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg Institute for Advanced Study, Delmenhorst, Germany. CJA and RGC were supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs Arctic Sciences Section awards OPP-1824447 (CJA) and OPP-1824414 (RGC). CHa was supported by the Helmholtz Association and AWI by HYIG ARJEL with the project number VH-NG-1400. CJMH received funding from the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) through the project NiceLABpro (grant no. 03F0867A). DKP received funding from the United States National Science Foundation, NSF-OPP 2138785. DN was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant numbers JP18H03745; JP18KK0292; JP17KK0083; JP17H04715; JP20H04345), a grant from the Joint Research Program of the Japan Arctic Research Network Center, and the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II) project. ESD was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the ENVEast Doctoral Training Partnership (NE/L002582/1) and the UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy through the UK Arctic Office. FLS and SS were funded by the Dutch Research Council (NWO) grant 866.18.003, with contributions of the European Commission (EC), European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA), Framework Contract EASME/EMFF/2018/003, Specific Contract EASME/EMFF/2018/1.3.2.2/03/SI2.805469, and of the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (LNV) grant WOT-04-009-047.04. GC was partly funded by the NERC project (NE/R012725/1) Eco-Light, part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme, jointly funded by the UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). KS was funded through the UK Natural Environment Research Council’s (NERC) contribution to MOSAiC, the SYM-PEL project (NE/S002502/1). JB, BLo, and EJC were supported by the National Science Foundation under the grant no. NSF-OPP 1821911. JMC, TCJH, KRB, and CM were supported by the Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (DOE ARM) User Facility (grant #: DE-AC05-76RL01830) and DOE’s Atmospheric Systems Research (DOE ASR) Program (grants #: DE-SC0019745 and DE-SC0022046). JS, MAVL, and DB were supported by the Dutch Research Council (NWO), through the Netherlands Polar Programme (NPP), Project no. 866.18.002. MAG, RRG, AL, EL, GB, NA, PA, BAL, ES, JG, LMO, and OM were supported by the Research Council of Norway (RCN) through the project HAVOC (grant no. 280292). MAG and BAL were also supported by the RCN through the project CAATEX (grant no. 280531) and ES by RCN project INTERAAC (grant no. 328957). MAG was also supported through the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program project ARICE (EU grant no. 730965). MDS was funded by the National Science Foundation (OPP-1724551) and the NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (NA22OAR4320151). MO was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation under award number OPP-1735862. OE and EO were supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under grant number EB 418/6-1 (From Dusk Till Dawn) as well as Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC-2048/1—project ID 390686111. PSL, SB, MB, SLE, JPB, and AT were supported by the Swedish Research Council VR (2018-04685), the Swedish Research Council Formas (2018-00509), and the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat (2019-153). PSL, SB, HF, BN, NH, CEG, SS, FLS, MB, AS, and MV were supported by the European Commission (EASME/EMFF/2018/003) and the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat (2019-153). STV and BRa received funds from the Changing Arctic Ocean (CAO) program, jointly funded by the United Kingdom Research and Innovation (UKRI) Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), in particular, the CAO projects Advective Pathways of nutrients and key Ecological substances in the ARctic (APEAR) grants NE/R012865/1, NE/R012865/2, and #03V01461, and the project Primary productivity driven by Escalating Arctic NUTrient fluxeS (PEANUTS) grant# 03F0804A. TM received funding from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (10.46936/10.25585/60001271, DE-AC02-05CH11231), the Natural Environment Research Council UK (NE/S002596/1, NE/S007334/1, NE/K004530/1, NE/R000883/1, NE/R012644/1) and the Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2017-364). We acknowledge support by the Open Access Publication Funds of Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	arctic ocean,ecosystem dynamics,sea ice,seasonal,geology,geotechnical engineering and engineering geology,oceanography,environmental engineering,ecology,atmospheric science,sdg 14 - life below water,sdg 13 - climate action ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900/1907
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Science > School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Research Groups/Centres > Theme - ClimateUEA Faculty of Science Faculty of Science > School of Computing Sciences
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Faculty of Science > Research Centres > Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Environmental Biology
Related URLs:	http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?...
Depositing User:	LivePure Connector
Date Deposited:	22 Oct 2024 11:30
Last Modified:	17 Dec 2024 01:41
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/97101
DOI:	10.1525/elementa.2023.00135

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