Emerging signals of climate change from the equator to the poles: New insights into a warming world

Collins, Matthew, Beverley, Jonathan D., Bracegirdle, Thomas J., Catto, Jennifer, McCrystall, Michelle, Dittus, Andrea, Freychet, Nicolas, Grist, Jeremy, Hegerl, Gabriele C., Holland, Paul R., Holmes, Caroline, Josey, Simon A., Joshi, Manoj ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2948-2811, Hawkins, Ed, Lo, Eunice, Lord, Natalie, Mitchell, Dann, Monerie, Paul-Arthur, Priestley, Matthew D. K., Scaife, Adam, Screen, James, Senior, Natasha ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8626-4039, Sexton, David, Shuckburgh, Emily, Siegert, Stefan, Simpson, Charles, Stephenson, David B., Sutton, Rowan, Thompson, Vikki, Wilcox, Laura J. and Woollings, Tim (2024) Emerging signals of climate change from the equator to the poles: New insights into a warming world. Frontiers in Science, 2. ISSN 2813-6330

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Abstract

The reality of human-induced climate change is unequivocal and exerts an ever-increasing global impact. Access to the latest scientific information on current climate change and projection of future trends is important for planning adaptation measures and for informing international efforts to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Identification of hazards and risks may be used to assess vulnerability, determine limits to adaptation, and enhance resilience to climate change. This article highlights how recent research programs are continuing to elucidate current processes and advance projections across major climate systems and identifies remaining knowledge gaps. Key findings include projected future increases in monsoon rainfall, resulting from a changing balance between the rainfall-reducing effect of aerosols and rainfall-increasing GHGs; a strengthening of the storm track in the North Atlantic; an increase in the fraction of precipitation that falls as rain at both poles; an increase in the frequency and severity of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, along with changes in ENSO teleconnections to North America and Europe; and an increase in the frequency of hazardous hot-humid extremes. These changes have the potential to increase risks to both human and natural systems. Nevertheless, these risks may be reduced via urgent, science-led adaptation and resilience measures and by reductions in GHGs.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Data availability statement: Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/projects/cmip6/. Funding information: The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This paper is largely based on the results of two grants from the UK Natural Environment Research Council—Robust Spatial Projections of Real-World Climate Change, NE/N018486/1 and Emergence of Climate Hazards, NE/S004645/1. The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article, or the decision to submit it for publication.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	sdg 13 - climate action ,/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action
Faculty \ School:	University of East Anglia Research Groups/Centres > Theme - ClimateUEA Faculty of Science > School of Environmental Sciences
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Climatic Research Unit Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences University of East Anglia Schools > Faculty of Science > Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research Faculty of Science > Research Centres > Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research
Depositing User:	LivePure Connector
Date Deposited:	26 Sep 2024 15:30
Last Modified:	13 Dec 2024 01:38
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/96813
DOI:	10.3389/fsci.2024.1340323

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