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Labourel, Aurore, Baslé, Arnaud, Munoz-Munoz, Jose, Ndeh, Didier, Booth, Simon, Nepogodiev, Sergey A., Field, Robert A. 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8574-0275 and Cartmell, Alan
(2019)
Structural and functional analyses of glycoside hydrolase 138 enzymes targeting chain A galacturonic acid in the complex pectin rhamnogalacturonan II.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 294 (19).
pp. 7711-7721.
ISSN 0021-9258
Abstract
The metabolism of carbohydrate polymers drives microbial diversity in the human gut microbiome. The selection pressures in this environment have spurred the evolution of a complex reservoir of microbial genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Previously, we have shown that the human gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) can depolymerize the most structurally complex glycan, the plant pectin rhamnogalacturonan II (RGII), commonly found in the human diet. Previous investigation of the RGII-degrading apparatus in Bt identified BT0997 as a new CAZyme family, classified as glycoside hydrolase 138 (GH138). The mechanism of substrate recognition by GH138, however, remains unclear. Here, using synthetic substrates and biochemical assays, we show that BT0997 targets the D-galacturonic acid-α-1,2-L-rhamnose linkage in chain A of RGII and that it absolutely requires the presence of a second D-galacturonic acid side chain (linked β-1,3 to L-rhamnose) for activity. NMR analysis revealed that BT0997 operates through a double displacement retaining mechanism. We also report the crystal structure of a BT0997 homolog, BPA0997 from Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus, in complex with ligands at 1.6 A resolution. The structure disclosed that the enzyme comprises four domains, including a catalytic TIM (α/β)8 barrel. Characterization of several BT0997 variants identified Glu- 294 and Glu-361 as the catalytic acid/base and nucleophile, respectively, and we observed a chloride ion close to the active site. The three-dimensional structure and bioinformatic analysis revealed that two arginines, Arg-332 and Arg-521, are key specificity determinants of BT0997 in targeting D-galacturonic acid residues. In summary, our study reports the first structural and mechanistic analyses of GH138 enzymes.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Additional Information: | Funding Information: This work was supported by Priority Excellent Science, H2020 European Research Council Grant 322820 Funding Information: This work was supported by Priority Excellent Science, H2020 European Research Council Grant 322820. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article. This article contains Figs. S1–S4. Theatomiccoordinatesandstructurefactors(codes6HZE,6HZF,and6HZG)have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (http://wwpdb.org/). 1 Present address: INRA, Aix Marseille Université, Biodiversité et Biotechnolo-gie Fongiques (BBF), UMR1163, F-13009 Marseille, France. 2Present address: Dept. of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sci-ences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. 3 To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 191-222-8947; E-mail: alan.cartmell2@newcastle.ac.uk. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 Labourel et al. Published under exclusive license by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | biochemistry,molecular biology,cell biology ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1300/1303 |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Science > School of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Pharmacology |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Sep 2024 15:30 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Sep 2024 18:05 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/96449 |
| DOI: | 10.1074/jbc.RA118.006626 |
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