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ToolsStuart, Kelsey V., Biradar, Mahantesh I., Luben, Robert N., Dhaun, Neeraj, Wagner, Siegfried K., Warwick, Alasdair N., Sun, Zihan, Madjedi, Kian M., Pasquale, Louis R., Wiggs, Janey L., Kang, Jae H., Lentjes, Marleen A. H., Aschard, Hugues, Kim, Jihye, Foster, Paul J. and Khawaja, Anthony P. and Modifiable Risk Factors for Glaucoma Collaboration, UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium, International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium (2024) The association of urinary sodium excretion with glaucoma and related traits in a large United Kingdom population. Ophthalmology Glaucoma, 7 (5). pp. 499-511. ISSN 2589-4234
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Abstract
Purpose: Excessive dietary sodium intake has known adverse effects on intravascular fluid volume and systemic blood pressure, which may influence intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma risk. This study aimed to assess the association of urinary sodium excretion, a biomarker of dietary intake, with glaucoma and related traits, and determine whether this relationship is modified by genetic susceptibility to disease. Design: Cross-sectional observational and gene-environment interaction analyses in the population-based UK Biobank study. Participants: Up to 103 634 individuals (mean age: 57 years; 51% women) with complete urinary, ocular, and covariable data. Methods: Urine sodium:creatinine ratio (UNa:Cr; mmol:mmol) was calculated from a midstream urine sample. Ocular parameters were measured as part of a comprehensive eye examination, and glaucoma case ascertainment was through a combination of self-report and linked national hospital records. Genetic susceptibility to glaucoma was calculated based on a glaucoma polygenic risk score comprising 2673 common genetic variants. Multivariable linear and logistic regression, adjusted for key sociodemographic, medical, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors, were used to model associations and gene-environment interactions. Main Outcome Measures: Corneal-compensated IOP, OCT derived macular retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, and prevalent glaucoma. Results: In maximally adjusted regression models, a 1 standard deviation increase in UNa:Cr was associated with higher IOP (0.14 mmHg; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12–0.17; P < 0.001) and greater prevalence of glaucoma (odds ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07–1.14; P < 0.001) but not macular retinal nerve fiber layer or ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness. Compared with those with UNa:Cr in the lowest quintile, those in the highest quintile had significantly higher IOP (0.45 mmHg; 95% CI, 0.36–0.53, P < 0.001) and prevalence of glaucoma (odds ratio, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.17–1.45; P < 0.001). Stronger associations with glaucoma (P interaction = 0.001) were noted in participants with a higher glaucoma polygenic risk score. Conclusions: Urinary sodium excretion, a biomarker of dietary intake, may represent an important modifiable risk factor for glaucoma, especially in individuals at high underlying genetic risk. These findings warrant further investigation because they may have important clinical and public health implications. Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Additional Information: | Funding Information: KVS: UCL Overseas Research Scholarship, Fight for Sight (London) (1956A) and The Desmond Foundation. ND: Senior Clinical Research Fellowship from the Chief Scientist Office (SCAF/19/02). SKW: Medical Research Council Clinical Research Training Fellowship (MR/TR000953/1). ANW: The Wellcome Trust (220558/Z/20/Z). LRP: NEI EY015473, NEI EY032559, The Glaucoma Foundation (NYC), Challenge Grant from Research to Prevent Blindness (NYC). JLW: NEI EY032559, NEI EY027129, NEI EY014104, NEI EY022305, NEI EY020928, NEI EY031820, Unrestricted Grant from Research to Prevent Blindness (NYC), ARVO Foundation David Epstein Award. PJF: Alcon, Fight for Sight (London) (1956A) and The Desmond Foundation. APK: UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellowship (MR/T040912/1), Moorfields Eye Charity Career Development Fellowship and a Lister Institute of Preventative Medicine Fellowship. RNL, ZS, PJF, APK: Financial support from the UK Department of Health through an award made by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) to Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University College London (UCL) Institute of Ophthalmology for a Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) for Ophthalmology. The sponsors or funding organizations had no role in the design or conduct of this research. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | dietary salt,gene-environment interaction,glaucoma,intraocular pressure,urinary sodium,ophthalmology,sdg 3 - good health and well-being ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2700/2731 |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School |
| UEA Research Groups: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Population Health Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Norwich Epidemiology Centre Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Norwich Epidemiology Centre |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Jul 2024 10:33 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Oct 2024 10:30 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/95947 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ogla.2024.04.010 |
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