A synthesis of global coastal ocean greenhouse gas fluxes

Resplandy, L., Hogikyan, A., Müller, J. D., Najjar, R. G., Bange, H. W., Bianchi, D., Weber, T., Cai, W.-J., Doney, S. C., Fennel, K., Gehlen, M., Hauck, J., Lacroix, F., Landschützer, P. and Le Quéré, C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2319-0452 (2024) A synthesis of global coastal ocean greenhouse gas fluxes. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 38 (1). ISSN 0886-6236

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Abstract

The coastal ocean contributes to regulating atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations by taking up carbon dioxide (CO2) and releasing nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). In this second phase of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP2), we quantify global coastal ocean fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4 using an ensemble of global gap-filled observation-based products and ocean biogeochemical models. The global coastal ocean is a net sink of CO2 in both observational products and models, but the magnitude of the median net global coastal uptake is ∼60% larger in models (−0.72 vs. −0.44 PgC year−1, 1998–2018, coastal ocean extending to 300 km offshore or 1,000 m isobath with area of 77 million km2). We attribute most of this model-product difference to the seasonality in sea surface CO2 partial pressure at mid- and high-latitudes, where models simulate stronger winter CO2 uptake. The coastal ocean CO2 sink has increased in the past decades but the available time-resolving observation-based products and models show large discrepancies in the magnitude of this increase. The global coastal ocean is a major source of N2O (+0.70 PgCO2-e year−1 in observational product and +0.54 PgCO2-e year−1 in model median) and CH4 (+0.21 PgCO2-e year−1 in observational product), which offsets a substantial proportion of the coastal CO2 uptake in the net radiative balance (30%–60% in CO2-equivalents), highlighting the importance of considering the three greenhouse gases when examining the influence of the coastal ocean on climate.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Data Availability Statement: The data used in this chapter are available in Resplandy et al. (2023) https://zenodo.org/record/8326096 doi: 10.5281/ZENODO.8326096 and Müller (2023) https://zenodo.org/record/7990823 doi: 10.5281/ZENODO.7990823. Funding information: A.K.H. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant DGE-2039656. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. L.R. and E.L. were partly funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration award NA21OAR4310119. L.R. and M.M. thank NASA for financial support via the grant NASA OCO-2 Science Team Grant 80NSSC18K0893. L.R. additionally thank the Princeton Institute for Computational Science and Engineering (PICSciE) for High Performance Computing (HPC) provision, storage and support. P.R. received financial support from the Belgian Science Policy Office (through the project ReCAP, which is part of the Belgian research program FedTwin) and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program ESM2025—Earth System Models for the Future project (Grant 101003536), and thanks Princeton University for the Hess Distinguished Visiting Professor award. D.B. acknowledges support from NSF Grant OCE-1847687, and computational resources from the Expanse system at the San Diego Supercomputer Center through allocation TG-OCE170017 from the Advanced Cyber infrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services and Support (ACCESS) program, which is supported by NSF Grants 2138259, 2138286, 2138307, 2137603, and 2138296. S.C.D. acknowledges support from NSF award DEB-1832221. J.H. was provided by the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Young Investigator Group MarEsys (Grant VH-NG-1301), by the ERC-2022-STG OceanPeak (Grant 101077209) and by the European Union's Horizon Europe Research and innovation program under OceanICU (Grant 101083922). P.L. has been supported by the European Commission projects 4C (Grant 821003) and acknowledges support for the VLIZ ICOS carbon data collection work from Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) contract I001821N. M.M. acknowledges NSF for financial support through the Grant OCE-2049631. K.T. and H.T. are supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (JPMEERF21S20810) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency provided by the Ministry of Environment of Japan. J.D.M. and N.G. acknowledge support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 821003 (project 4C) and no. 820989 (project COMFORT). N.G. additionally thanks for the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation through grant agreement no. 175787 (Project X-EBUS). J.S. was supported by the Research Council of Norway (Grant 270061) and acknowledges provision of HPC and storage resources by UNINET/sigma2 (nn/ns9560k). C.L.Q. was funded by the UK Royal Society (Grant RP\R1\191063). Simulations of the NEMO-PlankTOM model were carried out by D. Willis on the HPC Cluster supported by the Research and Specialist Computing Support service at the University of East Anglia. G.G.L. is a research associate of the FRS-FNRS at the Université Libre de Bruxelles. W.-J.C. acknowledges supports from NSF, NOAA and NASA in his coastal ocean CO2 flux and carbon cycle research. Finally, we thank the RECCAP2 organizers and scientific steering committee for coordinating and supporting this effort.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	sdg 13 - climate action ,/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Science > School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Research Groups/Centres > Theme - ClimateUEA
UEA Research Groups:	University of East Anglia Schools > Faculty of Science > Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research Faculty of Science > Research Centres > Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences
Depositing User:	LivePure Connector
Date Deposited:	17 Jul 2024 11:31
Last Modified:	25 Sep 2024 17:56
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/95940
DOI:	10.1029/2023GB007803

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