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Xu, Guofan, Onyianta, Amaka J., Eloi, Jean-Charles, Harniman, Robert L., Laverock, Jude, Bond, Ian, Diejomaoh, Onajite Abafe, Koev, Todor T. 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8218-9753, Khimyak, Yaroslav Z. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0424-4128 and Eichhorn, Stephen J.
(2024)
Self-healing composite coating fabricated with a cystamine crosslinked cellulose nanocrystal stabilized Pickering emulsion.
Biomacromolecules, 25 (2).
pp. 715-728.
ISSN 1525-7797
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Abstract
A gelled Pickering emulsion system was fabricated by first stabilizing linseed oil droplets in water with dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals (DACNCs) and then cross-linking with cystamine. Cross-linking of the DACNCs was shown to occur by a reaction between the amine groups on cystamine and the aldehyde groups on the CNCs, causing gelation of the nanocellulose suspension. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the cystamine-cross-linked CNCs (cysCNCs), demonstrating their presence. Transmission electron microscopy images evidenced that cross-linking between cysCNCs took place. This cross-linking was utilized in a linseed oil-in-water Pickering emulsion system, creating a novel gelled Pickering emulsion system. The rheological properties of both DACNC suspensions and nanocellulose-stabilized Pickering emulsions were monitored during the cross-linking reaction. Dynamic light scattering and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of the Pickering emulsion before gelling imaged CNC-stabilized oil droplets along with isolated CNC rods and CNC clusters, which had not been adsorbed to the oil droplet surfaces. Atomic force microscopy imaging of the air-dried gelled Pickering emulsion also demonstrated the presence of free CNCs alongside the oil droplets and the cross-linked CNC network directly at the oil-water interface on the oil droplet surfaces. Finally, these gelled Pickering emulsions were mixed with poly(vinyl alcohol) solutions and fabricated into self-healing composite coating systems. These self-healing composite coatings were then scratched and viewed under both an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope before and after self-healing. The linseed oil was demonstrated to leak into the scratches, healing the gap automatically and giving a practical approach for a variety of potential applications.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Funding information: The authors would like to thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council for funding the research (grant no. EP/V002651/1). TK is funded via a UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship awarded to Dr Matthew Wallace (MR/T044020/1). TK and YK are grateful to the UEA Faculty of Science NMR facility. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | cystamine,cellulose nanocrystals,pickering emulsion,gel,poly(vinyl alcohol),self-healing,bioengineering,materials chemistry,polymers and plastics,biomaterials ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1500/1502 |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Science > School of Pharmacy (former - to 2024) |
| UEA Research Groups: | Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Pharmaceutical Materials and Soft Matter |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Mar 2024 18:37 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Dec 2024 01:37 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/94538 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00915 |
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