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Zhao, Xiaodan, Leng, Shuang, Tan, Ru-San, Chai, Ping, Yeo, Tee Joo, Bryant, Jennifer Ann, Teo, Lynette L. S., Fortier, Marielle V., Ruan, Wen, Low, Ting Ting, Ong, Ching Ching, Zhang, Shuo, van der Geest, Rob J., Allen, John C., Hughes, Marina, Garg, Pankaj 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5483-169X, Tan, Teng Hong, Yip, James W., Tan, Ju Le and Zhong, Liang
(2022)
Right ventricular energetic biomarkers from 4D Flow CMR are associated with exertional capacity in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 24.
ISSN 1097-6647
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Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) offers comprehensive right ventricular (RV) evaluation in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Emerging four-dimensional (4D) flow CMR allows visualization and quantification of intracardiac flow components and calculation of phasic blood kinetic energy (KE) parameters but it is unknown whether these parameters are associated with cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET)-assessed exercise capacity, which is a surrogate measure of survival in PAH. We compared 4D flow CMR parameters in PAH with healthy controls, and investigated the association of these parameters with RV remodelling, RV functional and CPET outcomes. Methods: PAH patients and healthy controls from two centers were prospectively enrolled to undergo on-site cine and 4D flow CMR, and CPET within one week. RV remodelling index was calculated as the ratio of RV to left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volumes (EDV). Phasic (peak systolic, average systolic, and peak E-wave) LV and RV blood flow KE indexed to EDV (KEIEDV) and ventricular LV and RV flow components (direct flow, retained inflow, delayed ejection flow, and residual volume) were calculated. Oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2) and minute ventilation (VE) were measured and recorded. Results: 45 PAH patients (46 ± 11 years; 7 M) and 51 healthy subjects (46 ± 14 years; 17 M) with no significant differences in age and gender were analyzed. Compared with healthy controls, PAH had significantly lower median RV direct flow, RV delayed ejection flow, RV peak E-wave KEIEDV, peak VO2, and percentage (%) predicted peak VO2, while significantly higher median RV residual volume and VE/VCO2 slope. RV direct flow and RV residual volume were significantly associated with RV remodelling, function, peak VO2, % predicted peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope (all P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analyses showed RV direct flow to be an independent marker of RV function, remodelling and exercise capacity. Conclusion: In this 4D flow CMR and CPET study, RV direct flow provided incremental value over RVEF for discriminating adverse RV remodelling, impaired exercise capacity, and PAH with intermediate and high risk based on risk score. These data suggest that CMR with 4D flow CMR can provide comprehensive assessment of PAH severity, and may be used to monitor disease progression and therapeutic response.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Funding Information: This study received funding support from the National Medical Research Council of Singapore (Grant Nos. NMRC/OFIRG/0018/2016, MOH-000358, MOH-000351). The funder had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection; management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | 4d flow cmr,cardiopulmonary exercise test,flow components,kinetic energy,pulmonary arterial hypertension,radiological and ultrasound technology,radiology nuclear medicine and imaging,cardiology and cardiovascular medicine ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/3600/3614 |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School |
| UEA Research Groups: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Metabolic Health |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Dec 2022 15:33 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2023 03:31 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/90291 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12968-022-00896-8 |
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