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Zess, Erin K., Dagdas, Yasin F., Peers, Esme, Maqbool, Abbas, Banfield, Mark J., Bozkurt, Tolga O. and Kamoun, Sophien 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-0315
(2022)
Regressive evolution of an effector following a host jump in the Irish potato famine pathogen lineage.
PLoS Pathogens, 18 (10).
ISSN 1553-7374
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Abstract
In order to infect a new host species, the pathogen must evolve to enhance infection and transmission in the novel environment. Although we often think of evolution as a process of accumulation, it is also a process of loss. Here, we document an example of regressive evolution of an effector activity in the Irish potato famine pathogen (Phytophthora infestans) lineage, providing evidence that a key sequence motif in the effector PexRD54 has degenerated following a host jump. We began by looking at PexRD54 and PexRD54-like sequences from across Phytophthora species. We found that PexRD54 emerged in the common ancestor of Phytophthora clade 1b and 1c species, and further sequence analysis showed that a key functional motif, the C-terminal ATG8-interacting motif (AIM), was also acquired at this point in the lineage. A closer analysis showed that the P. mirabilis PexRD54 (PmPexRD54) AIM is atypical, the otherwise-conserved central residue mutated from a glutamate to a lysine. We aimed to determine whether this PmPexRD54 AIM polymorphism represented an adaptation to the Mirabilis jalapa host environment. We began by characterizing the M. jalapa ATG8 family, finding that they have a unique evolutionary history compared to previously characterized ATG8s. Then, using co-immunoprecipitation and isothermal titration calorimetry assays, we showed that both full-length PmPexRD54 and the PmPexRD54 AIM peptide bind weakly to the M. jalapa ATG8s. Through a combination of binding assays and structural modelling, we showed that the identity of the residue at the position of the PmPexRD54 AIM polymorphism can underpin high-affinity binding to plant ATG8s. Finally, we conclude that the functionality of the PexRD54 AIM was lost in the P. mirabilis lineage, perhaps owing to as-yet-unknown selection pressure on this effector in the new host environment.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Funding: S.K. was funded by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation, UK Research and Innovation Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UKRI-BBSRC) and the European Research Council (ERC). M.J.B. was funded by the John Innes Foundation and UKRI-BBSRC. E.P. was funded by the Biochemical Society. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | parasitology,microbiology,immunology,molecular biology,genetics,virology ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2400/2405 |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Science > School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science > The Sainsbury Laboratory |
| UEA Research Groups: | Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Plant Sciences |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Nov 2022 09:30 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Jul 2023 13:31 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/89943 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010918 |
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