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Hakim, Zainab Q., Beig, Gufran, Reka, Srinivas 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6194-5871, Romshoo, Shakil A. and Rashid, Irfan
(2018)
Winter burst of pristine Kashmir Valley air.
Scientific Reports, 8.
ISSN 2045-2322
Abstract
The Kashmir Valley in India is one of the world's major tourist attractions and perceived as a pristine environment. Long term monitoring of fine particulate matter, PM2.5 (particles having aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less), responsible for deteriorating human health, has been done for the period 2013-14. Results indicate that air quality of the capital city Srinagar (34.1°N, 74.8°E) deteriorates significantly in particular during winter, where level of PM2.5 touches a peak value of 348 μg/m3 against the Indian permissible limit of 60 μg/m3. The emissions due to domestic coal usage are found to be 1246.4 tons/yr, which accounts for 84% of the total annual emissions. The on-line high-resolution weather research and forecasting model with embedded chemistry module (WRF-Chem), which accounts for emission inventory developed in this region reproduced the seasonal variability reasonably well. Cold temperatures with dry conditions along with elevated level of biofuel emissions from domestic sector are found to be the major processes responsible for winter period particulate pollution. The back trajectories show that westerly winds originating from Afghanistan and surrounding areas also contribute to the high PM2.5 levels.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Publisher Copyright: © 2018 The Author(s). |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | sdg 3 - good health and well-being,sdg 11 - sustainable cities and communities ,/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Science > School of Environmental Sciences |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Nov 2022 09:30 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Mar 2024 18:14 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/89584 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-018-20601-z |
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