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Esteban, Miguel, Takagi, Hiroshi, Nicholls, Robert J. 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9715-1109, Fatma, Dyah, Pratama, Munawir Bintang, Kurobe, Shota, Yi, Xiong, Ikeda, Izumi, Mikami, Takahito, Valenzuela, Paolo and Avelino, Erick
(2020)
Adapting ports to sea-level rise: Empirical lessons based on land subsidence in Indonesia and Japan.
Maritime Policy and Management, 47 (7).
pp. 937-952.
ISSN 0308-8839
Abstract
Five cases of ports in Japan and Indonesia that have subsided by a metre or more were analysed. The findings suggest that there are no unsurmountable technological, cost-benefit, financial and social limits to the progressive raising of these ports, at least for the magnitude of climate-induced sea-level rise expected during the 21st century. In Indonesia observed adaptation is a sequential process: only part of the port is raised at one time, allowing port operations to continue elsewhere and spreading costs in time. Jumps in unit costs are apparent as the elevation height increases. In addition, the possibility of sea-level rise triggering innovative changes in port design to lower costs (e.g., a move to floating ports) is being considered. For traditional ports to upgrade by up to 1 metre, unit costs are found to be somewhere between 50–360 USD/m3 rise (not including the cost of piling). Nevertheless, such adaptation costs would represent a significant burden and adaptation is often reactive rather than proactive, leading to significant damage costs, as in the case of Hurricane Katrina’s impact on Gulf Coast Ports.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Funding Information: This work was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-14) of the Ministry of the Environment and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; [16KK0121]; The University of Tokyo, The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. Funding for this research was partially supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (16KK0121) and the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-14) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan (Grants for Tokyo Institute of Technology). The support of the Graduate Program in Sustainability Science, Global Leadership Initiative (GPSS-GLI, under the scheme of “Program for Leading Graduate Schools”) was also instrumental in paying the salaries and scholarships of the key researchers. Thus, the contribution of The University of Tokyo, The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan, is also appreciated. A part of the present work was performed as a part of activities of Research Institute of Sustainable Future Society, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | adaptation,indonesia,japan,land subsidence,ports,seal level rise,geography, planning and development,transportation,ocean engineering,management, monitoring, policy and law,sdg 13 - climate action ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/3300/3305 |
| UEA Research Groups: | University of East Anglia Schools > Faculty of Science > Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research Faculty of Science > Research Centres > Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research |
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| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Oct 2022 13:41 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Sep 2024 16:54 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/89392 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/03088839.2019.1634845 |
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