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Westenberg, Jos J. M., van Assen, Hans C., van den Boogaard, Pieter J., Goeman, Jelle J., Saaid, Hicham, Voorneveld, Jason, Bosch, Johan, Kenjeres, Sasa, Claessens, Tom, Garg, Pankaj 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5483-169X, Kouwenhoven, Marc and Lamb, Hildo J.
(2022)
Echo planar imaging–induced errors in intracardiac 4D flow MRI quantification.
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 87 (5).
pp. 2398-2411.
ISSN 0740-3194
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Abstract
Purpose: To assess errors associated with EPI-accelerated intracardiac 4D flow MRI (4DEPI) with EPI factor 5, compared with non-EPI gradient echo (4DGRE). Methods: Three 3T MRI experiments were performed comparing 4DEPI to 4DGRE: steady flow through straight tubes, pulsatile flow in a left-ventricle phantom, and intracardiac flow in 10 healthy volunteers. For each experiment, 4DEPI was repeated with readout and blip phase-encoding gradient in different orientations, parallel or perpendicular to the flow direction. In vitro flow rates were compared with timed volumetric collection. In the left-ventricle phantom and in vivo, voxel-based speed and spatio-temporal median speed were compared between sequences, as well as mitral and aortic transvalvular net forward volume. Results: In steady-flow phantoms, the flow rate error was largest (12%) for high velocity (>2 m/s) with 4DEPI readout gradient parallel to the flow. Voxel-based speed and median speed in the left-ventricle phantom were ≤5.5% different between sequences. In vivo, mean net forward volume inconsistency was largest (6.4 ± 8.5%) for 4DEPI with nonblip phase-encoding gradient parallel to the main flow. The difference in median speed for 4DEPI versus 4DGRE was largest (9%) when the 4DEPI readout gradient was parallel to the flow. Conclusions: Velocity and flow rate are inaccurate for 4DEPI with EPI factor 5 when flow is parallel to the readout or blip phase-encoding gradient. However, mean differences in flow rate, voxel-based speed, and spatio-temporal median speed were acceptable (≤10%) when comparing 4DEPI to 4DGRE for intracardiac flow in healthy volunteers.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Funding Information: Dutch Heart Foundation; Grant No. CVON2017‐08‐RADAR (for H.C.v.A.) |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | 4d flow mri,echo planar imaging,intracardiac blood flow,phase-contrast mri,radiology nuclear medicine and imaging ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2700/2741 |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School |
| UEA Research Groups: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Metabolic Health |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Sep 2022 13:30 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2023 03:25 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/87833 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/mrm.29112 |
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