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Bechler, Marie E., Byrne, Lauren and ffrench-Constant, Charles 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-3377
(2015)
CNS myelin sheath lengths are an intrinsic property of oligodendrocytes.
Current Biology, 25 (18).
pp. 2411-2416.
ISSN 0960-9822
Abstract
Summary Since Río-Hortega's description of oligodendrocyte morphologies nearly a century ago, many studies have observed myelin sheath-length diversity between CNS regions [1-3]. Myelin sheath length directly impacts axonal conduction velocity by influencing the spacing between nodes of Ranvier. Such differences likely affect neural signal coordination and synchronization [4]. What accounts for regional differences in myelin sheath lengths is unknown; are myelin sheath lengths determined solely by axons or do intrinsic properties of different oligodendrocyte precursor cell populations affect length? The prevailing view is that axons provide molecular cues necessary for oligodendrocyte myelination and appropriate sheath lengths. This view is based upon the observation that axon diameters correlate with myelin sheath length [1, 5, 6], as well as reports that PNS axonal neuregulin-1 type III regulates the initiation and properties of Schwann cell myelin sheaths [7, 8]. However, in the CNS, no such instructive molecules have been shown to be required, and increasing in vitro evidence supports an oligodendrocyte-driven, neuron-independent ability to differentiate and form initial sheaths [9-12]. We test this alternative signal-independent hypothesis - that variation in internode lengths reflects regional oligodendrocyte-intrinsic properties. Using microfibers, we find that oligodendrocytes have a remarkable ability to self-regulate the formation of compact, multilamellar myelin and generate sheaths of physiological length. Our results show that oligodendrocytes respond to fiber diameters and that spinal cord oligodendrocytes generate longer sheaths than cortical oligodendrocytes on fibers, co-cultures, and explants, revealing that oligodendrocytes have regional identity and generate different sheath lengths that mirror internodes in vivo.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Funding Information: We thank M. Grove (Brophy laboratory) and S. Hess (Rambukkana laboratory) for reagents and assistance with Schwann cell cultures. We thank V. Miron, M. Harrisingh, M. Swire, A. Jarjour, S. Sekizar, N. Vasistha, A. Boyd, R. Lewis, and S. Mitchell for technical assistance. We also thank D. Lyons for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust and the MRC UK Regenerative Medicine Platform (to C.ff.-C.). |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | neuroscience(all),biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology(all),agricultural and biological sciences(all) ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2800 |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Jul 2022 22:30 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Sep 2024 16:29 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/86255 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.056 |
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