The importance of unresolved biases in twentieth-century sea surface temperature observations

Davis, Luke L. B., Thompson, David W. J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-4376, Kennedy, John J. and Kent, Elizabeth C. (2019) The importance of unresolved biases in twentieth-century sea surface temperature observations. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100 (4). 621–629. ISSN 0003-0007

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Abstract

A new analysis of sea surface temperature (SST) observations indicates notable uncertainty in observed decadal climate variability in the second half of the twentieth century, particularly during the decades following World War II. The uncertainties are revealed by exploring SST data binned separately for the two predominant measurement types: “engine-room intake” (ERI) and “bucket” measurements. ERI measurements indicate large decreases in global-mean SSTs from 1950 to 1975, whereas bucket measurements indicate increases in SST over this period before bias adjustments are applied but decreases after they are applied. The trends in the bias adjustments applied to the bucket data are larger than the global-mean trends during the period 1950–75, and thus the global-mean trends during this period derive largely from the adjustments themselves. This is critical, since the adjustments are based on incomplete information about the underlying measurement methods and are thus subject to considerable uncertainty. The uncertainty in decadal-scale variability is particularly pronounced over the North Pacific, where the sign of low-frequency variability through the 1950s to 1970s is different for each measurement type. The uncertainty highlighted here has important—but in our view widely overlooked—implications for the interpretation of observed decadal climate variability over both the Pacific and Atlantic basins during the mid-to-late twentieth century.

Item Type:	Article
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Science > School of Environmental Sciences
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Climatic Research Unit
Related URLs:	https://publons.com/publon/20526290/
Depositing User:	LivePure Connector
Date Deposited:	10 Jun 2022 13:30
Last Modified:	07 Oct 2023 01:14
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/85512
DOI:	10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0104.1

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