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Mishra, Eleanor K. 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5903-3005, Clive, Amelia O., Wills, Genevieve H., Davies, Helen E., Stanton, Andrew E., Al-Aloul, Mohamed, Hart-Thomas, Alan, Pepperell, Justin, Evison, Matthew, Saba, Tarek, Harrison, Richard Neil, Guhan, Anur, Callister, Matthew E., Sathyamurthy, Ramamurthy, Rehal, Sunita, Corcoran, John P., Hallifax, Robert, Psallidas, Ioannis, Russell, Nicky, Shaw, Rachel, Dobson, Melissa, Wrightson, John M., West, Alex, Lee, Y. C. Gary, Nunn, Andrew J., Miller, Robert F., Maskell, Nick A. and Rahman, Najib M.
(2018)
Randomized controlled trial of urokinase versus placebo for nondraining malignant pleural effusion.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 197 (4).
502–508.
ISSN 1073-449X
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Abstract
Rationale: Patients with malignant pleural effusion experience breathlessness, which is treated by drainage and pleurodesis. Incomplete drainage results in residual dyspnea and pleurodesis failure. Intrapleural fibrinolytics lyse septations within pleural fluid, improving drainage. Objectives: To assess the effects of intrapleural urokinase on dyspnea and pleurodesis success in patients with nondraining malignant effusion. Methods: We conducted a prospective, double-blind, randomized trial. Patients with nondraining effusion were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to intrapleural urokinase (100,000 IU, three doses, 12-hourly) or matched placebo. Measurements and Main Results: Co–primary outcome measures were dyspnea (average daily 100-mm visual analog scale scores over 28 d) and time to pleurodesis failure to 12 months. Secondary outcomes were survival, hospital length of stay, and radiographic change. A total of 71 subjects were randomized (36 received urokinase, 35 placebo) from 12 U.K. centers. The baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. There was no difference in mean dyspnea between groups (mean difference, 3.8 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI], −12 to 4.4 mm; P = 0.36). Pleurodesis failure rates were similar (urokinase, 13 of 35 [37%]; placebo, 11 of 34 [32%]; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.2; P = 0.65). Urokinase was associated with decreased effusion size visualized by chest radiography (adjusted relative improvement, −19%; 95% CI, −28 to −11%; P < 0.001), reduced hospital stay (1.6 d; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.6; P = 0.049), and improved survival (69 vs. 48 d; P = 0.026). Conclusions: Use of intrapleural urokinase does not reduce dyspnea or improve pleurodesis success compared with placebo and cannot be recommended as an adjunct to pleurodesis. Other palliative treatments should be used. Improvements in hospital stay, radiographic appearance, and survival associated with urokinase require further evaluation. Clinical trial registered with ISRCTN (12852177) and EudraCT (2008-000586-26).
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School |
| UEA Research Groups: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Respiratory and Airways Group Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Metabolic Health |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Nov 2021 01:43 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Sep 2024 16:02 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/82447 |
| DOI: | 10.1164/rccm.201704-0809oc |
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