Are football referees really biased and inconsistent?:evidence on the incidence of disciplinary sanction in the English Premier League

Dawson, Peter, Dobson, Stephen, Goddard, John and Wilson, John (2007) Are football referees really biased and inconsistent?:evidence on the incidence of disciplinary sanction in the English Premier League. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A, 170. pp. 231-250. ISSN 0964-1998

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Abstract

The paper presents a statistical analysis of patterns in the incidence of disciplinary sanction (yellow and red cards) that were taken against players in the English Premier League over the period 1996-2003. Several questions concerning sources of inconsistency and bias in refereeing standards are examined. Evidence is found to support a time consistency hypothesis, that the average incidence of disciplinary sanction is predominantly stable over time. However, a refereeing consistency hypothesis, that the incidence of disciplinary sanction does not vary between referees, is rejected. The tendency for away teams to incur more disciplinary points than home teams cannot be attributed to the home advantage effect on match results and appears to be due to a refereeing bias favouring the home team.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	bivariate negative binomial regression,bivariate poisson regression,english premier league football,refereeing bias and inconsistency,association football,efficiency,market,models
Faculty \ School:
Depositing User:	LivePure Connector
Date Deposited:	03 May 2019 10:30
Last Modified:	13 May 2023 00:55
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/70813
DOI:	10.1111/j.1467-985X.2006.00451.x

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