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Myriokefalitakis, Stelios, Ito, Akinori, Kanakidou, Maria, Nenes, Athanasios, Krol, Maarten C., Mahowald, Natalie M., Scanza, Rachel A., Hamilton, Douglas S., Johnson, Matthew S., Meskhidze, Nicholas, Kok, Jasper F., Guieu, Cecile, Baker, Alex R. 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8365-8953, Jickells, Timothy D., Sarin, Manmohan M., Bikkina, Srinivas, Shelley, Rachel, Bowie, Andrew, Perron, Morgane M. G. and Duce, Robert A.
(2018)
Reviews and syntheses: the GESAMP atmospheric iron deposition model intercomparison study.
Biogeosciences, 15 (21).
pp. 6659-6684.
ISSN 1726-4189
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Abstract
This work reports on the current status of the global modeling of iron (Fe) deposition fluxes and atmospheric concentrations and the analyses of the differences between models, as well as between models and observations. A total of four global 3-D chemistry transport (CTMs) and general circulation (GCMs) models participated in this intercomparison, in the framework of the United Nations Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP) Working Group 38, The Atmospheric Input of Chemicals to the Ocean. The global total Fe (TFe) emission strength in the models is equal to ∼ 72Tg Fe yr−1 (38–134Tg Fe yr−1) from mineral dust sources and around 2.1Tg Fe yr−1 (1.8–2.7Tg Fe yr−1) from combustion processes (the sum of anthropogenic combustion/biomass burning and wildfires). The mean global labile Fe (LFe) source strength in the models, considering both the primary emissions and the atmospheric processing, is calculated to be 0.7 (±0.3)Tg Fe yr−1, accounting for both mineral dust and combustion aerosols. The mean global deposition fluxes into the global ocean are estimated to be in the range of 10–30 and 0.2–0.4Tg Fe yr−1 for TFe and LFe, respectively, which roughly corresponds to a respective 15 and 0.3Tg Fe yr−1 for the multi-model ensemble model mean. The model intercomparison analysis indicates that the representation of the atmospheric Fe cycle varies among models, in terms of both the magnitude of natural and combustion Fe emissions as well as the complexity of atmospheric processing parameterizations of Fe-containing aerosols. The model comparison with aerosol Fe observations over oceanic regions indicates that most models overestimate surface level TFe mass concentrations near dust source regions and tend to underestimate the low concentrations observed in remote ocean regions. All models are able to simulate the tendency of higher Fe concentrations near and downwind from the dust source regions, with the mean normalized bias for the Northern Hemisphere ( ∼ 14), larger than that of the Southern Hemisphere ( ∼ 2.4) for the ensemble model mean. This model intercomparison and model–observation comparison study reveals two critical issues in LFe simulations that require further exploration: (1) the Fe-containing aerosol size distribution and (2) the relative contribution of dust and combustion sources of Fe to labile Fe in atmospheric aerosols over the remote oceanic regions.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Science > School of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science > School of Natural Sciences University of East Anglia Research Groups/Centres > Theme - ClimateUEA |
| UEA Research Groups: | Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Dec 2018 16:30 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Mar 2023 12:39 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/69178 |
| DOI: | 10.5194/bg-15-6659-2018 |
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