Influence of vitamin D supplementation by sunlight or oral D3 on exercise performance

Carswell, Alexander T., Oliver, Samuel J., Wentz, Laurel M., Kashi, Daniel S., Roberts, Ross, Tang, Jonathan C. Y. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6305-6333, Izard, Rachel M., Jackson, Sarah, Allan, Donald, Rhodes, Lesley E., Fraser, William D., Greeves, Julie P. and Walsh, Neil P. (2018) Influence of vitamin D supplementation by sunlight or oral D3 on exercise performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 50 (12). 2555–2564. ISSN 0195-9131

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Abstract

Purpose: To determine the relationship between vitamin D status and exercise performance in a large, prospective cohort study of young men and women across seasons (Study-1). Then, in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, to investigate the effects on exercise performance of achieving vitamin D sufficiency (serum 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol·L-1) by a unique comparison of safe, simulated-sunlight and oral vitamin D3 supplementation in wintertime (Study-2).  Methods: In Study-1, we determined 25(OH)D relationship with exercise performance in 967 military recruits. In Study-2, 137 men received either placebo, simulated-sunlight (1.3x standard erythemal dose in T-shirt and shorts, three-times-per-week for 4-weeks and then once-per-week for 8-weeks) or oral vitamin D3 (1,000 IU[BULLET OPERATOR]day-1 for 4-weeks and then 400 IU[BULLET OPERATOR]day-1 for 8-weeks). We measured serum 25(OH)D by LC-MS/MS and endurance, strength and power by 1.5-mile run, maximum-dynamic-lift and vertical jump, respectively.  Results: In Study-1, only 9% of men and 36% of women were vitamin D sufficient during wintertime. After controlling for body composition, smoking and season, 25(OH)D was positively associated with endurance performance (P ≤ 0.01, [INCREMENT]R2 = 0.03–0.06, small f2 effect sizes): 1.5-mile run time was ~half-a-second faster for every 1 nmol·L-1 increase in 25(OH)D. No significant effects on strength or power emerged (P > 0.05). In Study-2, safe simulated-sunlight and oral vitamin D3 supplementation were similarly effective in achieving vitamin D sufficiency in almost all (97%); however, this did not improve exercise performance (P > 0.05).  Conclusion: Vitamin D status was associated with endurance performance but not strength or power in a prospective cohort study. Achieving vitamin D sufficiency via safe, simulated summer sunlight or oral vitamin D3 supplementation did not improve exercise performance in a randomized-controlled trial.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	cholecalciferol,25-hydroxyvitamin d,uvb,endurance,strength,power
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Musculoskeletal Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Metabolic Health
Depositing User:	LivePure Connector
Date Deposited:	09 Jul 2018 08:30
Last Modified:	19 Oct 2023 02:14
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/67547
DOI:	10.1249/MSS.0000000000001721

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