Tools
Tools
Bouzid, Maha, Kintz, Erica and Hunter, Paul R 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5608-6144
(2018)
Risk factors for Cryptosporidium infection in low and middle income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 12 (6).
ISSN 1935-2727
Preview |
PDF (Published_Version)
- Published Version
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (2MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Background: Cryptosporidium infection causes gastrointestinal disease and has a worldwide distribution. The highest burden is in developing countries. Objectives: We sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify Cryptosporidium risk factors in Low and Middle Income countries (LMICs). Methods: Medline Ovid and Scopus databases were searched with no restriction on year or language of publication. All references were screened independently in duplicate and were included if they presented data on at least 3 risk factors. Meta-analyses using random effects models were used to calculate overall estimates for each exposure. Results: The most frequently reported risk factors in the 15 included studies were overcrowding, household diarrhoea, poor quality drinking water, animal contact, open defecation/ lack of toilet and breastfeeding. The combined odds ratio for animal contact was 1.98 (95%CI: 1.11–3.54) based on 11 studies and for diarrhoea in the household 1.98 (95%CI: 1.13–3.49) based on 4 studies. Open defecation was associated with a pooled odds ratio of 1.82 (95%CI: 1.19–2.8) based on 5 studies. Poor drinking water quality was not associated with a significant Cryptosporidium risk, odds ratio 1.06 (95%CI: 0.77–1.47). Breastfeeding was protective with pooled odds ratio 0.4 (95%CI: 0.13–1.22), which was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Based on the included studies, crowded living conditions, animal contact and open defecation are responsible for the majority of Cryptosporidium cases in LMICs. Future studies investigating Cryptosporidium risk factors should have a good study design and duration, include appropriate number of cases, select suitable controls, investigate multiple relevant risk factors, fully report data and perform multivariate analysis.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | sdg 3 - good health and well-being,sdg 6 - clean water and sanitation ,/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School |
| UEA Research Groups: | Faculty of Social Sciences > Research Centres > Water Security Research Centre Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Epidemiology and Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Public Health and Health Services Research (former - to 2023) Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Population Health |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Jun 2018 13:30 |
| Last Modified: | 09 May 2024 09:31 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/67365 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006553 |
Downloads
Downloads per month over past year
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |