Recognition of microbial viability via TLR8 drives TFH cell differentiation and vaccine responses

Ugolini, Matteo, Gerhard, Jenny, Burkert, Sanne, Jensen, Kristoffer Jarlov, Georg, Philipp, Ebner, Friederike, Volkers, Sarah M., Thada, Shruthi, Dietert, Kristina, Bauer, Laura, Schäfer, Alexander, Helbig, Elisa T., Opitz, Bastian, Kurth, Florian, Sur, Saubashya, Dittrich, Nickel, Gaddam, Sumanlatha, Conrad, Melanie L., Benn, Christine S., Blohm, Ulrike, Gruber, Achim D., Hutloff, Andreas, Hartmann, Susanne, Boekschoten, Mark V., Müller, Michael ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-9905, Jungersen, Gregers, Schumann, Ralf R., Suttorp, Norbert and Sander, Leif E. (2018) Recognition of microbial viability via TLR8 drives TFH cell differentiation and vaccine responses. Nature Immunology, 19. 386–396. ISSN 1529-2908

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Abstract

Live attenuated vaccines are generally highly efficacious and often superior to inactivated vaccines, yet the underlying mechanisms of this remain largely unclear. Here we identify recognition of microbial viability as a potent stimulus for follicular helper T cell (TFH cell) differentiation and vaccine responses. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) distinguished viable bacteria from dead bacteria through Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8)-dependent detection of bacterial RNA. In contrast to dead bacteria and other TLR ligands, live bacteria, bacterial RNA and synthetic TLR8 agonists induced a specific cytokine profile in human and porcine APCs, thereby promoting TFH cell differentiation. In domestic pigs, immunization with a live bacterial vaccine induced robust TFH cell and antibody responses, but immunization with its heat-killed counterpart did not. Finally, a hypermorphic TLR8 polymorphism was associated with protective immunity elicited by vaccination with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in a human cohort. We have thus identified TLR8 as an important driver of TFH cell differentiation and a promising target for TFH cell–skewing vaccine adjuvants.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	sdg 3 - good health and well-being ,/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Gastroenterology and Gut Biology Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Metabolic Health
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	29 Jan 2018 17:31
Last Modified:	06 Jun 2024 15:00
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/66132
DOI:	10.1038/s41590-018-0068-4

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