Papageorgiou, Maria, Elliott-Sale, Kirsty J., Parsons, Alan, Tang, Johnathan ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6305-6333, Greeves, Julie P., Fraser, William D. and Sale, Craig
(2017)
Effects of reduced energy availability on bone metabolism in women and men.
Bone, 105.
pp. 191-199.
ISSN 8756-3282
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Abstract
Background: The short-term effects of low energy availability (EA) on bone metabolism in physically active women and men are currently unknown. Purpose: We evaluated the effects of low EA on bone turnover markers (BTMs) in a cohort of women and a cohort of men, and compared effects between sexes. Methods: These studies were performed using a randomised, counterbalanced, crossover design. Eleven eumenorrheic women and eleven men completed two 5-day protocols of controlled (CON; 45 kcal·kg LBM− 1·d− 1) and restricted (RES; 15 kcal·kg LBM− 1·d− 1) EAs. Participants ran daily on a treadmill at 70% of their peak aerobic capacity (VO2 peak) resulting in an exercise energy expenditure of 15 kcal·kg LBM− 1·d− 1 and consumed diets providing 60 and 30 kcal·kg LBM− 1·d− 1. Blood was analysed for BTMs [β-carboxyl-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) and amino-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP)], markers of calcium metabolism [parathyroid hormone (PTH), albumin-adjusted calcium (ACa), magnesium (Mg) and phosphate (PO4)] and regulatory hormones [sclerostin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), triiodothyronine (T3), insulin, leptin, glucagon-like-peptide-2 (GLP-2)]. Results: In women, β-CTX AUC was significantly higher (P = 0.03) and P1NP AUC was significantly lower (P = 0.01) in RES compared to CON. In men, neither β-CTX (P = 0.46) nor P1NP (P = 0.12) AUCs were significantly different between CON and RES. There were no significant differences between sexes for any BTM AUCs (all P values > 0.05). Insulin and leptin AUCs were significantly lower following RES in women only (for both P = 0.01). There were no differences in any AUCs of regulatory hormones or markers of calcium metabolism between men and women following RES (all P values > 0.05). Conclusions: When comparing within groups, five days of low EA (15 kcal·kg LBM− 1·d− 1) decreased bone formation and increased bone resorption in women, but not in men, and no sex specific differences were detected.
Item Type: | Article |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | female athlete triad,relative energy deficiency in sports,energy availability,bone turnover markers,physically active individuals |
Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School |
UEA Research Groups: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Musculoskeletal Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Metabolic Health |
Related URLs: | |
Depositing User: | Pure Connector |
Date Deposited: | 02 Sep 2017 05:07 |
Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2023 02:03 |
URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/64729 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.bone.2017.08.019 |
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