Effects of reduced energy availability on bone metabolism in women and men

Papageorgiou, Maria, Elliott-Sale, Kirsty J., Parsons, Alan, Tang, Johnathan, Greeves, Julie P., Fraser, William D. and Sale, Craig (2017) Effects of reduced energy availability on bone metabolism in women and men. Bone, 105. pp. 191-199. ISSN 8756-3282

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Abstract

Background: The short-term effects of low energy availability (EA) on bone metabolism in physically active women and men are currently unknown.  Purpose: We evaluated the effects of low EA on bone turnover markers (BTMs) in a cohort of women and a cohort of men, and compared effects between sexes.  Methods: These studies were performed using a randomised, counterbalanced, crossover design. Eleven eumenorrheic women and eleven men completed two 5-day protocols of controlled (CON; 45 kcal·kg LBM− 1·d− 1) and restricted (RES; 15 kcal·kg LBM− 1·d− 1) EAs. Participants ran daily on a treadmill at 70% of their peak aerobic capacity (VO2 peak) resulting in an exercise energy expenditure of 15 kcal·kg LBM− 1·d− 1 and consumed diets providing 60 and 30 kcal·kg LBM− 1·d− 1. Blood was analysed for BTMs [β-carboxyl-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) and amino-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP)], markers of calcium metabolism [parathyroid hormone (PTH), albumin-adjusted calcium (ACa), magnesium (Mg) and phosphate (PO4)] and regulatory hormones [sclerostin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), triiodothyronine (T3), insulin, leptin, glucagon-like-peptide-2 (GLP-2)].  Results: In women, β-CTX AUC was significantly higher (P = 0.03) and P1NP AUC was significantly lower (P = 0.01) in RES compared to CON. In men, neither β-CTX (P = 0.46) nor P1NP (P = 0.12) AUCs were significantly different between CON and RES. There were no significant differences between sexes for any BTM AUCs (all P values > 0.05). Insulin and leptin AUCs were significantly lower following RES in women only (for both P = 0.01). There were no differences in any AUCs of regulatory hormones or markers of calcium metabolism between men and women following RES (all P values > 0.05).  Conclusions: When comparing within groups, five days of low EA (15 kcal·kg LBM− 1·d− 1) decreased bone formation and increased bone resorption in women, but not in men, and no sex specific differences were detected.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	female athlete triad,relative energy deficiency in sports,energy availability,bone turnover markers,physically active individuals
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Musculoskeletal Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Metabolic Health
Related URLs:	http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/...
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	02 Sep 2017 05:07
Last Modified:	06 Feb 2025 07:24
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/64729
DOI:	10.1016/j.bone.2017.08.019

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