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Ridgway, Gerard R, Litvak, Vladimir, Flandin, Guillaume, Friston, Karl J and Penny, Will D. 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9064-1191
(2012)
The problem of low variance voxels in statistical parametric mapping; a new hat avoids a 'haircut'.
NeuroImage, 59 (3).
pp. 2131-2141.
ISSN 1053-8119
Abstract
Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) locates significant clusters based on a ratio of signal to noise (a 'contrast' of the parameters divided by its standard error) meaning that very low noise regions, for example outside the brain, can attain artefactually high statistical values. Similarly, the commonly applied preprocessing step of Gaussian spatial smoothing can shift the peak statistical significance away from the peak of the contrast and towards regions of lower variance. These problems have previously been identified in positron emission tomography (PET) (Reimold et al., 2006) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) (Acosta-Cabronero et al., 2008), but can also appear in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. Additionally, for source-reconstructed magneto- and electro-encephalography (M/EEG), the problems are particularly severe because sparsity-favouring priors constrain meaningfully large signal and variance to a small set of compactly supported regions within the brain. (Acosta-Cabronero et al., 2008) suggested adding noise to background voxels (the 'haircut'), effectively increasing their noise variance, but at the cost of contaminating neighbouring regions with the added noise once smoothed. Following theory and simulations, we propose to modify--directly and solely--the noise variance estimate, and investigate this solution on real imaging data from a range of modalities.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | algorithms,brain,brain mapping,computer simulation,statistical data interpretation,electroencephalography,head,humans,computer-assisted image processing,magnetic resonance imaging,magnetoencephalography,models, statistical,positron-emission tomography,signal-to-noise ratio,software |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Social Sciences > School of Psychology |
| UEA Research Groups: | Faculty of Social Sciences > Research Centres > Centre for Behavioural and Experimental Social Sciences |
| Depositing User: | Pure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Aug 2017 05:06 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Apr 2023 00:32 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/64591 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.027 |
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