CX3CR1+ cell–mediated Salmonella exclusion protects the intestinal mucosa during the initial stage of infection

Man, Angela L., Gicheva, Nadezhda, Regoli, Mari, Rowley, Gary ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5421-4333, De Cunto, Giovanna, Wellner, Nikolaus, Bassity, Elizabeth, Gulisano, Massimo, Bertelli, Eugenio and Nicoletti, Claudio (2017) CX3CR1+ cell–mediated Salmonella exclusion protects the intestinal mucosa during the initial stage of infection. Journal of Immunology, 198 (1). pp. 335-343. ISSN 0022-1767

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Abstract

During Salmonella Typhimurium infection, intestinal CX3CR1(+) cells can either extend transepithelial cellular processes to sample luminal bacteria or, very early after infection, migrate into the intestinal lumen to capture bacteria. However, until now, the biological relevance of the intraluminal migration of CX3CR1(+) cells remained to be determined. We addressed this by using a combination of mouse strains differing in their ability to carry out CX3CR1-mediated sampling and intraluminal migration. We observed that the number of S. Typhimurium traversing the epithelium did not differ between sampling-competent/migration-competent C57BL/6 and sampling-deficient/migration-competent BALB/c mice. In contrast, in sampling-deficient/migration-deficient CX3CR1(-/-) mice the numbers of S. Typhimurium penetrating the epithelium were significantly higher. However, in these mice the number of invading S. Typhimurium was significantly reduced after the adoptive transfer of CX3CR1(+) cells directly into the intestinal lumen, consistent with intraluminal CX3CR1(+) cells preventing S. Typhimurium from infecting the host. This interpretation was also supported by a higher bacterial fecal load in CX3CR1(+/gfp) compared with CX3CR1(gfp/gfp) mice following oral infection. Furthermore, by using real-time in vivo imaging we observed that CX3CR1(+) cells migrated into the lumen moving through paracellular channels within the epithelium. Also, we reported that the absence of CX3CR1-mediated sampling did not affect Ab responses to a noninvasive S. Typhimurium strain that specifically targeted the CX3CR1-mediated entry route. These data showed that the rapidly deployed CX3CR1(+) cell-based mechanism of immune exclusion is a defense mechanism against pathogens that complements the mucous and secretory IgA Ab-mediated system in the protection of intestinal mucosal surface.

Item Type:	Article
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School Faculty of Science > School of Biological Sciences
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Molecular Microbiology Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Pathogen Biology Group
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	14 Jan 2017 00:06
Last Modified:	23 Oct 2024 00:55
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/62080
DOI:	10.4049/jimmunol.1502559

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