Cognitive therapy as an early treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action

Meiser-Stedman, Richard ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0262-623X, Smith, Patrick, McKinnon, Anna, Dixon, Clare, Trickey, David, Ehlers, Anke, Clark, David M., Boyle, Adrian, Watson, Peter, Goodyer, Ian and Dalgleish, Tim (2017) Cognitive therapy as an early treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58 (5). 623–633. ISSN 0021-9630

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Abstract

Background: Few efficacious early treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents exist. Previous trials have intervened within the first month post-trauma and focused on secondary prevention of later post-traumatic stress; however considerable natural recovery may still occur up to six months post-trauma. No trials have addressed the early treatment of established PTSD (i.e. 2-6 months post-trauma). Methods: Twenty-nine youth (8-17 years) with PTSD (according to age-appropriate DSM-IV or ICD-10 diagnostic criteria) after a single-event trauma in the previous 2-6 months were randomly allocated to Cognitive Therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD; n=14) or waiting list (WL; n=15) for 10 weeks. Results: Significantly more participants were free of PTSD after CT-PTSD (71%) than WL (27%) at post-treatment (intent-to-treat, 95% CI for difference .04-.71). CT-PTSD yielded greater improvement on child-report questionnaire measures of PTSD, depression and anxiety; clinician-rated functioning; and parent-reported outcomes. Recovery after CT-PTSD was maintained at 6- and 12-months post-treatment. Beneficial effects of CT-PTSD were mediated through changes in appraisals and safety-seeking behaviors, as predicted by cognitive models of PTSD. CT-PTSD was considered acceptable on the basis of low dropout and high treatment credibility and therapist alliance ratings. Conclusions: This trial provides preliminary support for the efficacy and acceptability of CT-PTSD as an early treatment for PTSD in youth. Moreover, the trial did not support the extension of “watchful waiting” into the 2-6 month post-trauma window, as significant improvements in the WL arm (particularly in terms of functioning and depression) were not observed. Replication in larger samples is needed, but attention to recruitment issues will be required.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in anymedium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	post-traumatic stress disorder,cognitive therapy
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Mental Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Lifespan Health
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	17 Dec 2016 00:06
Last Modified:	19 Oct 2023 01:50
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/61758
DOI:	10.1111/jcpp.12673

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