Smoking is associated with the concurrent presence of multiple autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis rather than with anti-citrullinated protein antibodies per se:a multicenter cohort study

van Wesemael, Tineke J, Ajeganova, Sofia, Humphreys, Jennifer, Terao, Chikashi, Muhammad, Ammar, Symmons, Deborah P M, Macgregor, Alex J ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-2325, Hafström, Ingiäld, Trouw, Leendert A, van der Helm-van Mil, Annette H M, Huizinga, Tom W J, Mimori, Tsuneyo, Toes, René E M, Matsuda, Fumihiko, Svensson, Björn, Verstappen, Suzanne M M and van der Woude, Diane (2016) Smoking is associated with the concurrent presence of multiple autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis rather than with anti-citrullinated protein antibodies per se:a multicenter cohort study. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 18. ISSN 1478-6354

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The contribution of smoking to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is hypothesized to be mediated through formation of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). In RA, however, autoantibodies such as ACPA, rheumatoid factor (RF), and anti-carbamylated protein antibodies (anti-CarP) often occur together, and it is thus unclear whether smoking is specifically associated with some autoantibodies rather than others. We therefore investigated whether smoking is only associated with ACPA or with the presence of multiple RA-related autoantibodies. METHODS: A population-based Japanese cohort (n = 9575) was used to investigate the association of smoking with RF and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP2) in individuals without RA. Furthermore, RA patients fulfilling the 1987 criteria from three early arthritis cohorts from the Netherlands (n = 678), the United Kingdom (n = 761), and Sweden (n = 795) were used. Data on smoking, RF, anti-CCP2, and anti-CarP were available. A total score of autoantibodies was calculated, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by logistic regression. RESULTS: In the population-based non-RA cohort, no association was found between smoking and one autoantibody (RF or anti-CCP2), but smoking was associated with double-autoantibody positivity (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.32-6.58). In RA patients, there was no association between smoking and the presence of one autoantibody (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.78-1.26), but smoking was associated with double-autoantibody positivity (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.04-1.68) and triple-autoantibody positivity (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.53-2.73). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is associated with the concurrent presence of multiple RA-associated autoantibodies rather than just ACPA. This indicates that smoking is a risk factor for breaking tolerance to multiple autoantigens in RA.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Epidemiology and Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Musculoskeletal Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Public Health and Health Services Research (former - to 2023) Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Norwich Epidemiology Centre Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Norwich Epidemiology Centre
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	07 Dec 2016 00:06
Last Modified:	20 Apr 2023 00:19
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/61595
DOI:	10.1186/s13075-016-1177-9

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