Nitrous oxide metabolism in nitrate-reducing bacteria: Physiology and regulatory mechanisms

Torres, Maria, Simon, Jorg, Rowley, Gary ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5421-4333, Bedmar, Eulogio, Richardson, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6847-1832, Gates, Andrew ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4594-5038 and Delgado, Maria (2016) Nitrous oxide metabolism in nitrate-reducing bacteria: Physiology and regulatory mechanisms. Advances in Microbial Physiology, 68. pp. 353-432. ISSN 0065-2911

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Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) with substantial global warming potential and also contributes to ozone depletion through photochemical nit- ric oxide (NO) production in the stratosphere. The negative effects of N2O on climate and stratospheric ozone make N2O mitigation an international challenge. More than 60% of global N2O emissions are emitted from agricultural soils mainly due to the appli- cation of synthetic nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Thus, mitigation strategies must be developed which increase (or at least do not negatively impact) on agricultural effi- ciency whilst decrease the levels of N2O released. This aim is particularly important in the context of the ever expanding population and subsequent increased burden on the food chain. More than two-thirds of N2O emissions from soils can be attributed to bacterial and fungal denitrification and nitrification processes. In ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, N2O is formed through the oxidation of hydroxylamine to nitrite. In denitrifiers, nitrate is reduced to N2 via nitrite, NO and N2O production. In addition to denitrification, respiratory nitrate ammonification (also termed dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium) is another important nitrate-reducing mechanism in soil, responsible for the loss of nitrate and production of N2O from reduction of NO that is formed as a by-product of the reduction process. This review will synthesize our current understand- ing of the environmental, regulatory and biochemical control of N2O emissions by nitrate-reducing bacteria and point to new solutions for agricultural GHG mitigation.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	denitrification,nitrate-ammonifying bacteria,nitrate reduction,nitrite reduction,nitric oxide reductase,nitrous oxide reductase,sdg 12 - responsible consumption and production,sdg 13 - climate action ,/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/responsible_consumption_and_production
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Science > School of Biological Sciences
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Molecular Microbiology Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Organisms and the Environment Faculty of Science > Research Centres > Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Pathogen Biology Group
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	13 Apr 2016 08:47
Last Modified:	27 Sep 2024 23:48
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/58198
DOI:	10.1016/bs.ampbs.2016.02.007

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