Amino acid intakes are associated with bone mineral density and prevalence of low bone mass in women: evidence from discordant monozygotic twins

Jennings, Amy, MacGregor, Alexander ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-2325, Spector, Tim and Cassidy, Aedin (2016) Amino acid intakes are associated with bone mineral density and prevalence of low bone mass in women: evidence from discordant monozygotic twins. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 31 (2). pp. 326-335. ISSN 0884-0431

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Abstract

Although a higher protein intake, particularly from vegetable sources, has been shown to be associated with higher bone mineral density (BMD) the relative impact of specific amino acids (AA) on BMD and risk of osteoporosis remains to be determined. Mechanistic research suggests that a number of specific AA, including five non-essential AA, alanine, arginine, glutamic acid, glycine and proline, may play a role in bone health, principally through improved production of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 and the synthesis of collagen and muscle protein. However to date, no previous studies have examined the associations between habitual intake of AA and direct measures of BMD and prevalence of osteoporosis or osteopenia and no studies have examined this relationship in discordant identical twin-pairs. In these analyses of female monozygotic twin-pairs discordant for AA intake (n=135), twins with higher intakes of alanine and glycine had significantly higher BMD at the spine than their co-twins with within-pair differences in spine-BMD of 0.012 g/cm2 (SE 0.01 P=0.039) and 0.014g/cm2 (SE 0.01 P=0.026) respectively. Furthermore, in cross-sectional multivariable analyses of 3160 females aged 18-79y, a higher intake of total protein was significantly associated with higher DXA-measured BMD at the spine (Q4-Q1 0.017g/cm2 SE 0.01 P=0.035) and forearm (Q4-Q1 0.010g/cm2 SE 0.003 P=0.002). Intake of six AA (alanine, arginine, glutamic acid, leucine, lysine and proline) were associated with higher BMD at the spine and forearm with the strongest association observed for leucine (Q4-Q1 0.024g/cm2 SE 0.01 P=0.007). When intakes were stratified by protein source, vegetable or animal, prevalence of osteoporosis or osteopenia was 13-19% lower comparing extreme quartiles of vegetable intake for five AA (not glutamic acid or proline). These data provide evidence to suggest that intake of protein and several AA, including alanine and glycine, may be beneficial for bone health, independent of genetic background.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Uncontrolled Keywords: protein,amino acid,bone mineral density,osteoporosis,diet
Faculty \ School: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
UEA Research Groups: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Epidemiology and Public Health
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Musculoskeletal Medicine
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Public Health and Health Services Research (former - to 2023)
Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Norwich Epidemiology Centre
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Norwich Epidemiology Centre
Depositing User: Pure Connector
Date Deposited: 06 Jan 2016 15:02
Last Modified: 19 Apr 2023 00:49
URI: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/56089
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2703

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