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Thelen, Esther, Corbetta, Daniela, Kamm, Kathi, Spencer, John P. 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7320-144X, Schneider, Klaus and Zernicke, Ronald F.
(1993)
The transition to reaching: Mapping intention and intrinsic dynamics.
Child Development, 64 (4).
pp. 1058-1098.
ISSN 0009-3920
Abstract
The onset of directed reaching demarks the emergence of a qualitatively new skill. In this study we asked how intentional reaching arises from infants' ongoing, intrinsic movement dynamics, and how first reaches become successively adapted to the task. We observed 4 infants weekly in a standard reaching task and identified the week of first arm-extended reach, and the 2 weeks before and after onset. The infants first reached at ages ranging from 12 to 22 weeks, and they used different strategies to get the toy. 2 infants, whose spontaneous movements were large and vigorous, damped down their fast, forceful movements. The 2 quieter infants generated faster and more energetic movements to lift their arms. The infants modulated reaches in task-appropriate ways in the weeks following onset. Reaching emerges when infants can intentionally adjust the force and compliance of the arm, often using muscle coactivation. These results suggest that the infant central nervous system does not contain programs that detail hand trajectory, joint coordination, and muscle activation patterns. Rather, these patterns are the consequences of the natural dynamics of the system and the active exploration of the match between those dynamics and the task.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Social Sciences > School of Psychology |
| UEA Research Groups: | Faculty of Social Sciences > Research Groups > Developmental Science |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | Pure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Nov 2015 17:03 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Oct 2023 00:41 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/55286 |
| DOI: | 10.2307/1131327 |
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