Proteolytic cleavage and loss of function of biologic agents that neutralize tumor necrosis factor in the mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Biancheri, Paolo, Brezski, Randall J., Di Sabatino, Antonio, Greenplate, Allison R., Soring, Keri L., Corazza, Gino R., Kok, Klaartje B., Rovedatti, Laura, Vossenkamper, Anna, Ahmad, Nadja, Snoek, Susanne A., Vermeire, Severine, Rutgeerts, Paul, Jordan, Robert E. and MacDonald, Thomas T. (2015) Proteolytic cleavage and loss of function of biologic agents that neutralize tumor necrosis factor in the mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology, 149 (6). pp. 1564-1574. ISSN 0016-5085

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Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Many patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) fail to respond to anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents such as infliximab and adalimumab, and etanercept is not effective for treatment of Crohn’s disease. Activated matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and MMP12, which are increased in inflamed mucosa of patients with IBD, have a wide range of substrates, including IgG1. TNFneutralizing agents act in inflamed tissues; we investigated the effects of MMP3, MMP12, and mucosal proteins from IBD patients on these drugs. METHODS: Biopsy specimens from inflamed colon of 8 patients with Crohn’s disease and 8 patients with ulcerative colitis, and from normal colon of 8 healthy individuals (controls), were analyzed histologically, or homogenized and proteins were extracted. We also analyzed sera from 29 patients with active Crohn’s disease and 33 patients with active ulcerative colitis who were candidates to receive infliximab treatment. Infliximab, adalimumab, and etanercept were incubated with mucosal homogenates from patients with IBD or activated recombinant human MMP3 or MMP12 and analyzed on immunoblots or in luciferase reporter assays designed to measure TNF activity. IgG cleaved by MMP3 or MMP12 and antihinge autoantibodies against neo-epitopes on cleaved IgG were measured in sera from IBD patients who subsequently responded (clinical remission and complete mucosal healing) or did not respond to infliximab. RESULTS: MMP3 and MMP12 cleaved infliximab, adalimumab, and etanercept, releasing a 32-kilodalton Fc monomer. After MMP degradation, infliximab and adalimumab functioned as F(ab’)2 fragments, whereas cleaved etanercept lost its ability to neutralize TNF. Proteins from the mucosa of patients with IBD reduced the integrity and function of infliximab, adalimumab, and etanercept. TNF-neutralizing function was restored after incubation of the drugs with MMP inhibitors. Serum levels of endogenous IgG cleaved by MMP3 and MMP12, and antihinge autoantibodies against neo-epitopes of cleaved IgG, were higher in patients who did not respond to treatment vs responders. CONCLUSIONS: Proteolytic degradation may contribute to the nonresponsiveness of patients with IBD to anti-TNF agents.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Open Access through website, but not through archive.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	therapy,inflammation,uc,cd,sdg 3 - good health and well-being ,/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Gastroenterology and Gut Biology
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	03 Nov 2015 12:00
Last Modified:	21 Oct 2022 02:33
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/54989
DOI:	10.1053/j.gastro.2015.07.002

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