Understanding the role of P2X7 in affective disorders—are glial cells the major players?

Stokes, Leanne ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-6781, Spencer, Sarah J. and Jenkins, Trisha A. (2015) Understanding the role of P2X7 in affective disorders—are glial cells the major players? Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 9. ISSN 1662-5102

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Abstract

Pathophysiology associated with several psychiatric disorders has been linked to inflammatory biomarkers. This has generated a theory of major depressive disorders as an inflammatory disease. The idea of pro-inflammatory cytokines altering behavior is now well accepted however many questions remain. Microglia can produce a plethora of inflammatory cytokines and these cells appear to be critical in the link between inflammatory changes and depressive disorders. Microglia play a known role in sickness behavior which has many components of depressive-like behavior such as social withdrawal, sleep alterations, and anorexia. Numerous candidate genes have been identified for psychiatric disorders in the last decade. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human P2X7 gene have been linked to bipolar disorder, depression, and to the severity of depressive symptoms. P2X7 is a ligand-gated cation channel expressed on microglia with lower levels found on astrocytes and on some neuronal populations. In microglia P2X7 is a major regulator of pro-inflammatory cytokines of the interleukin-1 family. Genetic deletion of P2X7 in mice is protective for depressive behavior in addition to inflammatory responses. P2X7−/− mice have been shown to demonstrate anti-depressive-like behavior in forced swim and tail suspension behavioral tests and stressor-induced behavioral responses were blunted. Both neurochemical (norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine) and inflammatory changes have been observed in the brains of P2X7−/− mice. This review will discuss the recent evidence for involvement of P2X7 in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders and propose mechanisms by which altered signaling through this ion channel may affect the inflammatory state of the brain.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	p2x7,depression,microglia,inflammation,mouse models,snp,sdg 3 - good health and well-being ,/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Science > School of Pharmacy (former - to 2024)
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Molecular and Tissue Pharmacology
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	14 Oct 2015 09:00
Last Modified:	03 Dec 2024 01:19
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/54699
DOI:	10.3389/fncel.2015.00258

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