Flavonoid metabolites reduce tumor necrosis factor-α secretion to a greater extent than their precursor compounds in human THP-1 monocytes

Di Gesso, Jessica, Kerr, Jason, Zhang, Qingzhi, Raheem, Saki, Krishna Yalamanchili, Sai, O'Hagan, David, Kay, Colin and O'Connell, Maria ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-0951 (2015) Flavonoid metabolites reduce tumor necrosis factor-α secretion to a greater extent than their precursor compounds in human THP-1 monocytes. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 59 (6). 1143–1154. ISSN 1613-4125

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Abstract

Scope: Flavonoids are generally studied in vitro, in isolation, and as unmetabolized precursor structures. However, in the habitual diet, multiple flavonoids are consumed together and found present in the circulation as complex mixtures of metabolites. Using a unique study design, we investigated the potential for singular or additive anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoid metabolites relative to their precursor structures. Methods and results: Six flavonoids, 14 flavonoid metabolites, and 29 combinations of flavonoids and their metabolites (0.1–10 μM) were screened for their ability to reduce LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion in THP-1 monocytes. One micromolar peonidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, and the metabolites isovanillic acid (IVA), IVA-glucuronide, vanillic acid-glucuronide, protocatechuic acid-3-sulfate, and benzoic acid-sulfate significantly reduced TNF-α secretion when in isolation, while there was no effect on TNF-α mRNA expression. Four combinations of metabolites that included 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HBA) and/or protocatechuic acid also significantly reduced TNF-α secretion to a greater extent than the precursors or metabolites alone. The effects on LPS-induced IL-1β and IL-10 secretion and mRNA expression were also examined. 4HBA significantly reduced IL-1β secretion but none of the flavonoids or metabolites significantly modified IL-10 secretion. Conclusion: This study provides novel evidence suggesting flavonoid bioactivity results from cumulative or additive effects of circulating metabolites.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	© 2015 The Authors. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	cytokine,inflammation,metabolism,phase 2 conjugates,polyphenol
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School Faculty of Science Faculty of Science > School of Pharmacy (former - to 2024)
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Pharmaceutical Cell Biology (former - to 2017) Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Molecular and Tissue Pharmacology
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2015 21:53
Last Modified:	25 Sep 2024 11:46
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/53544
DOI:	10.1002/mnfr.201400799

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