Observed and modelled trends in rainfall and temperature for South Africa: 1960-2010

MacKellar, Neil, New, Mark and Jack, Chris (2014) Observed and modelled trends in rainfall and temperature for South Africa: 1960-2010. South African Journal of Science, 110 (7-8). pp. 51-63. ISSN 0038-2353

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Abstract

Observed trends in seasonal and annual total rainfall, number of rain days and daily maximum and minimum temperature were calculated for a number of stations in South Africa for the period 1960-2010. Statistically significant decreases in rainfall and the number of rain days are shown over the central and northeastern parts of the country in the autumn months and significant increases in the number of rain days around the southern Drakensberg are evident in spring and summer. Maximum temperatures have increased significantly throughout the country for all seasons and increases in minimum temperatures are shown for most of the country. A notable exception is the central interior, where minimum temperatures have decreased significantly. Regionally aggregated trends for six water management zones covering the entire country are not evident for total rainfall, but there are some significant trends for the number of rain days. Temperature in these zones has increased significantly for most seasons, with the exception of the central interior. Comparison of the observed trends with statistically downscaled global climate model simulations reveals that the models do not represent the observed rainfall changes nor the cooling trend of minimum temperature in the central interior. Although this result does not rule out the possibility of attributing observed local changes in rainfall to anthropogenically forced global change, it does have major implications for attribution studies. It also raises the question of whether an alternative statistical downscaling method or dynamical downscaling through the use of a regional climate model might better represent regional and local climatic processes and their links to global change.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	rainfall,temperature,historical trends,station observations,climate models,sst dipole events,climate-change,indian-ocean,precipitation trends,decadal variability,julian-oscillation,summer rainfall,20th-century,enso,attribution,sdg 13 - climate action ,/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Social Sciences > School of Global Development (formerly School of International Development)
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Social Sciences > Research Centres > Water Security Research Centre
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	28 Apr 2015 14:06
Last Modified:	16 Dec 2022 15:31
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/53288
DOI:	10.1590/sajs.2014/20130353

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