PPARalpha governs glycerol metabolism

Patsouris, David, Mandard, Stéphane, Voshol, Peter J, Escher, Pascal, Tan, Nguan Soon, Havekes, Louis M, Koenig, Wolfgang, März, Winfried, Tafuri, Sherrie, Wahli, Walter, Müller, Michael ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-9905 and Kersten, Sander (2004) PPARalpha governs glycerol metabolism. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 114 (1). pp. 94-103. ISSN 0021-9738

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Abstract

Glycerol, a product of adipose tissue lipolysis, is an important substrate for hepatic glucose synthesis. However, little is known about the regulation of hepatic glycerol metabolism. Here we show that several genes involved in the hepatic metabolism of glycerol, i.e., cytosolic and mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), glycerol kinase, and glycerol transporters aquaporin 3 and 9, are upregulated by fasting in wild-type mice but not in mice lacking PPARalpha. Furthermore, expression of these genes was induced by the PPARalpha agonist Wy14643 in wild-type but not PPARalpha-null mice. In adipocytes, which express high levels of PPARgamma, expression of cytosolic GPDH was enhanced by PPARgamma and beta/delta agonists, while expression was decreased in PPARgamma(+/-) and PPARbeta/delta(-/-) mice. Transactivation, gel shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that cytosolic GPDH is a direct PPAR target gene. In line with a stimulating role of PPARalpha in hepatic glycerol utilization, administration of synthetic PPARalpha agonists in mice and humans decreased plasma glycerol. Finally, hepatic glucose production was decreased in PPARalpha-null mice simultaneously fasted and exposed to Wy14643, suggesting that the stimulatory effect of PPARalpha on gluconeogenic gene expression was translated at the functional level. Overall, these data indicate that PPARalpha directly governs glycerol metabolism in liver, whereas PPARgamma regulates glycerol metabolism in adipose tissue.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	3t3 cells,animals,base sequence,carcinoma, hepatocellular,cell line, tumor,cloning, molecular,dna primers,gene expression regulation,glycerol,homeostasis,humans,liver,liver neoplasms,mice,mice, knockout,models, animal,oligonucleotide array sequence analysis,plasmids,receptors, cytoplasmic and nuclear,recombinant proteins,transcription factors,transfection
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Gastroenterology and Gut Biology Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Metabolic Health
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	07 Jul 2014 12:06
Last Modified:	06 Jun 2024 14:48
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/47748
DOI:	10.1172/JCI20468

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