Prevalence, types, risk factors and clinical correlates of anaemia in older people in a rural Ugandan population

Mugisha, Joseph O., Baisley, Kathy, Asiki, Gershim, Seeley, Janet and Kuper, Hannah (2013) Prevalence, types, risk factors and clinical correlates of anaemia in older people in a rural Ugandan population. PLoS One, 8 (10). ISSN 1932-6203

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Abstract

Background: Studies conducted in high income countries have shown that anaemia is a common medical condition among older people, but such data are scarce in Africa. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence, types, risk factors and clinical correlates of anaemia in older people. Methods: Participants were aged (≥ 50) years recruited from a general population cohort from January 2012 to January 2013. Blood samples were collected for assessing hemoglobin, serum ferritin, serum vitamin B12, serum folate, C-reactive protein, malaria infection and stool samples for assessment of hookworm infection. HIV status was assessed using an algorithm for HIV rapid testing. Questionnaires were used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics and other risk factors for anaemia. Results: In total, 1449 people participated (response rate 72.3%). The overall prevalence of anaemia was 20.3 % (95% CI 18.2-22.3%), and this was higher for males (24.1%, 95% CI=20.7-27.7%) than females (17.5%, 95% CI=15.0-20.1%). In males, the prevalence of anaemia increased rapidly with age almost doubling between 50 and 65 years (p-trend<0.001). Unexplained anaemia was responsible for more than half of all cases (59.7%). Anaemia was independently associated with infections including malaria (OR 3.49, 95% CI 1.78-6.82), HIV (OR 2.17, 1.32-3.57) heavy hookworm infection (OR 3.45, 1.73-6.91), low fruit consumption (OR 1.55, 1.05-2.29) and being unmarried (OR 1.37 , 95% CI 1.01-1.89). However, the odds of anaemia were lower among older people with elevated blood pressure (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.29-0.77). Conclusion: Anaemia control programmes in Uganda should target older people and should include interventions to treat and control hookworms and educational programs on diets that enhance iron absorption. Clinicians should consider screening older people with HIV or malaria for anaemia. Further studies should be done on unexplained anaemia and serum ferritin levels that predict iron deficiency anaemia in older people.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	© 2013 O Mugisha et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This study was funded by MRC UK (Medical Research Council). Kathy Baisley receives support from the MRC and DFID (Department For International Development) (grant number G0700837). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Social Sciences > School of Global Development (formerly School of International Development)
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	13 Dec 2013 13:50
Last Modified:	09 Jan 2024 01:27
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/45507
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0078394

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