Costs and benefits of lifetime exposure to mating rivals in male Drosophila melanogaster

Bretman, Amanda, Westmancoat, James D., Gage, Matthew J. G. and Chapman, Tracey (2013) Costs and benefits of lifetime exposure to mating rivals in male Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution, 67 (8). pp. 2413-2422. ISSN 0014-3820

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Abstract

Theory predicts that males should evolve mechanisms to assess competition and allocate resources accordingly. This requires phenotypic plasticity, to accurately match responses to the environment. Plastic responses in males to sexual competition are diverse and widespread. However, our ability to understand and predict how they evolve is limited because their benefits are rarely measured, and costs are, as yet, entirely unquantified. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, males that anticipate strong competition for matings or fertilizations subsequently mate for longer and transfer more of two key seminal fluid proteins. This results in significantly elevated reproductive output. In this study, we examined the fitness effects of male responses to rivals across the entire male life span. Males were exposed to rivals or not throughout life while controlling mating opportunities. Males showed significant responses to rivals throughout their lifetimes, associated with significant early-life fitness benefits. However, these disappeared after the third mating. There were also significant costs—males exposed to rivals took significantly fewer mating opportunities in later life and had significantly shorter life spans than controls. The data suggest that there are substantial costs for males of mounting plastic responses to the threat of sexual competition.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	fruitfly,life history,longevity,male-male competition,phenotypic plasticity
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Science > School of Biological Sciences
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Science > Research Centres > Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Organisms and the Environment
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	25 Nov 2013 16:10
Last Modified:	09 Jan 2024 01:26
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/44905
DOI:	10.1111/evo.12125

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